Tegillarca granosa

Tegillarca granosa (also known as Anadara granosa^[2]) is a species of ark clam known as the blood cockle or blood clam due to the red haemoglobin liquid inside the soft tissues. It is found throughout the Indo-Pacific region from the eastern coast of South Africa northwards and eastwards to Southeast Asia, Australia, Polynesia, and up to northern Japan. It lives mainly in the intertidal zone at one to two metres water depth, burrowed down into sand or mud. Adult size is about 5 to 6 cm long and 4 to 5 cm wide.^[3]

Tegillarca granosa
Shell of Tegillarca granosa (specimen at MNHN, Paris)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Bivalvia
Order:	Arcida
Family:	Arcidae
Genus:	Tegillarca
Species:	T. granosa
Binomial name
Tegillarca granosa (Linnaeus, 1758)[1]
Synonyms
Anadara bisenensis Schrenck & Reinhart, 1938 Anadara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Anadara thackwayi Iredale, 1927 Anomalocardia pulchella Dunker, 1868 Arca aculeata Bruguière, 1789 Arca corbicula Gmelin, 1791 Arca corbula Dillwyn, 1817 Arca granosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Arca granosa kamakuraensis Noda, 1966 Arca nodulosa Lightfoot, 1786 (invalid: junior homonym of Arca nodulosa O. F. Müller, 1776) Arca obessa Kotaka, 1953 Tegillarca granosa bessalis Iredale, 1939

The meat of this bivalve is served steamed, boiled, roasted, or traditionally raw.

Anatomy

• Right and left valve of the same specimen:
• 
  Right valve
• 
  Left valve

Human use

Aquaculture

The blood cockle is the main clam variety raised in the mud flats of Anhai Bay off Shuitou, Fujian.^[4]

It has a high economic value as food, and it is aquacultured. On the coast of Zhejiang Province alone, blood cockle plantations occupy around 145,000 mu (about 100 km²) of mudflats.^[5] These clams are raised in the river estuaries of the neighboring Fujian Province as well.^[4]

Culinary use

In Korea, blood cockles are called kkomak (꼬막) and are cooked and seasoned with soy sauce, chili powder, and sesame oil.^[6]

• Preparations of Kkomak
• 
  Unprepared kkomak (blood cockles)
• 
  Prepared kkomak (blood cockles)
• 
  Kkomak-muchim (seasoned blood cockles)

In Indonesia, blood cockles (local: kerang darah) are quite popular food and are served as various dishes including boiled, deep fried or sauteed. ^[7]

Safety

Some sources of blood cockle may not undergo the depuration process. Therefore, certain styles of preparation, such as the poaching commonly carried out in Shanghai, can leave many pathogens present.^[8]

References

1. "Tegillarca granosa (Linnaeus, 1758)". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
2. (pata de mula)SPECIES: Tegillarca granosa (Malaysian cockle)(Anadara granosa)
3. Pathansali, D. (1966). Notes on the biology of the cockle, Anadara granosa L. Proc. Indo-Pacific Fish. Counc. 11:84-98
4. Ruǎn Jīnshān; Li Xiùzhū; Lín Kèbīng; Luō Dōnglián; Zhōu Chén; Cài Qīnghǎi (阮金山;李秀珠;林克冰;罗冬莲;周宸;蔡清海), 安海湾南岸滩涂养殖贝类死亡原因调查分析 (Analysis of the causes of death of farmed shellfish on the mudflats in the southern part of Anhai Bay), 《福建水产》 (Fujian Aquaculture), 2005-04
5. 泥蚶抗高氨氮、高硫化物家系选育 (Breeding mud cockle varieties resistant to high-nitrogen, high-sulfide environment). (The numbers are as of 2009)
6. Chung, Da-young (December 2015). "Cockles". KOREA. Vol. 11, no. 12. Korean Culture and Information Service. ISSN 2005-2162. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
7. "8 Resep olahan kerang dara paling enak, sehat, sederhana, dan praktis". 16 July 2020.
8. "Shanghai getting tougher on blood clam ban - People's Daily Online".

• Leung KF. & Morton B. (2003). Effects of long-term anthropogenic perturbations on three subtidal epibenthic molluscan communities in Hong Kong. In: Morton B, editor. Proceedings of an International Workshop Reunion Conference, Hong Kong: Perspectives on Marine Environment Change in Hong Kong and Southern China, 1977-2001. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. pp 655-717
• Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp.
• Huber, M. (2010). Compendium of bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM

External links

• Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition, vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae]
• Gmelin J.F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig. pp. 3021-3910]
• Lightfoot, J. (1786). A Catalogue of the Portland Museum, lately the property of the Dutchess Dowager of Portland, deceased; which will be sold by auction by Mr. Skinner & Co. (book). London. viii + 194 pp
• Iredale, T. (1939). Mollusca. Part I. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929. 5(6): 209-425, pls 1-7
• FAO Profile, including production figures and range