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LGBT film award of the Berlin International Film Festival From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Teddy Award is an international film award for films with LGBT topics, presented by an independent jury as an official award of the Berlin International Film Festival (the Berlinale). For the most part, the jury consists of organisers of gay and lesbian film festivals, who view films screened in all sections of the Berlinale; films do not have to have been part of the festival's official competition stream to be eligible for Teddy awards. Subsequently, a list of films meeting criteria for LGBT content is selected by the jury, and a 3,000-Euro Teddy is awarded to a feature film, a short film and a documentary.
Teddy Award | |
---|---|
Awarded for | Best LGBT-related film |
Country | Germany |
Presented by | Berlin International Film Festival |
First awarded | 1987 |
Website | www |
At the 66th Berlin International Film Festival in 2016, a dedicated "Teddy30" lineup of classic LGBT-related films was screened as a full program of the festival to celebrate the award's 30th anniversary.
In 1987 German filmmakers Wieland Speck[1] and Manfred Salzgeber formed a jury called the International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival Association (IGLFFA) to create an award for LGBT films. It was originally named the Teddy Bear Award, in accordance with the Berlinale's main awards being named as the Golden and Silver Bear; the name was later shortened to Teddy Award, although the statuette presented to winners is still shaped like a teddy bear.
The first Teddy Award was given to Pedro Almodóvar for his film La ley del deseo, which featured Antonio Banderas.
The awards were originally founded in a gay bookshop in West Berlin, they were named after the cuddly toys which were sent as prizes to the winners. They were then upgraded to metal trophies but are still thought to be a deliberate parody of the main Berlin Film Festival’s Golden Bear trophy.[2]
1990 was the first bigger festival in the LGBT centrum SchwuZ in Berlin with around 400 guests. The evening was organized from BeV StroganoV and workers of the bookstore Eisenherz in Berlin. In 1992 the award was officially made part of the Berlin International Film Festival. In 1997 TEDDY e.V., a non-profit organisation was founded, which lobbied the award.
The Teddy Award is divided into three primary categories: Best Feature Film, Short Film, and Documentary Film. The jury picks three nominations within each category and ultimately selects one as the winner. As of 2012, the cash prize for the winners in these categories has been valued at a maximum of €3,000.[3] The prize is intended to support various aspects of the winning films, such as financing film copies, subtitling, or advertising materials.[3] In 2007, the jury decided not to grant an award in the Short Film category because the submitted films lacked adequate LGBT content.[AR 1] The Documentary and Essay Film categories were introduced in 1988 and were combined in several ceremonies between 2009 and 2020.
One other film is singled out for a Jury Award. A Special Award is commonly, but not always, given to one or more individuals for a distinguished achievement in LGBT cinema, such as a lifetime career achievement as a director or performer or for a person's role in a project of significance to the history of LGBT cinema.
The German LGBT magazine Siegessäule formerly sponsored an award that was given to a film selected by a panel of the magazine's readers. This was discontinued after 2012, but was reinstituted in 2016 under the new sponsorship of the magazine Männer; in 2017, the award was named the Harvey in honour of Harvey Milk.
Other categories include the Activist Award (2020),[AR 2] Social Spots (2007),[AR 1] David Kato Vision & Voice Award (2014–2015),[AR 3][AR 4] and Newcomer Award (2018).
‡ | Indicates Best Feature Film winners |
† | Indicates individual winners |
Year | Category | English title | Original title | Director(s) or Recipient(s) | P.C. | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1987 (37th) | Best Feature Film | Law of Desire ‡ | La ley del deseo ‡ | Pedro Almodóvar | Spain | [4] |
Best Short Film | My New Friend | Gus Van Sant | United States | |||
Five Ways to Kill Yourself | ||||||
1988 (38th) | Best Feature Film | The Last of England ‡ | Derek Jarman | United Kingdom | [5] | |
Best Documentary Film | Rights And Reactions: Lesbian & Gay Rights On Trial | Phil Zwickler and Jane Lippman | United States | |||
Best Essay Film | The Meadow of Things | Die Wiese der Sachen | Heinz Emigholz | Germany | ||
Best Short Film | Alfalfa | Richard Kwietniowski | United Kingdom | |||
Reader Award | The Last of England | Derek Jarman | United Kingdom | |||
Jury Award | — | Tilda Swinton[AR 5] † | — | |||
1989 (39th) | Best Feature Film | Looking for Langston ‡ | Isaac Julien | United Kingdom | [7] | |
Fun Down There ‡ | Roger Stigliano | United States | ||||
Best Documentary Film | Tiny & Ruby: Hell Divin' Women | Greta Schiller and Andrea Weiss | United States | |||
Best Essay Film | Urinal | John Greyson | Canada | |||
1990 (40th) | Best Feature Film | Coming Out ‡ | Heiner Carow | East Germany | [8] | |
Best Documentary Film | Tongues Untied | Marlon T. Riggs | United States | |||
Best Short Film | Trojans | Trojaner | Constantine Giannaris | United Kingdom and Greece | ||
Jury Award | Silence = Death | Schweigen = Tod | Rosa von Praunheim | Germany | ||
1991 (41st) | Best Feature Film | Poison ‡ | Todd Haynes | United States | ||
Best Documentary Film | Paris Is Burning | Jennie Livingston | United States | |||
Best Short Film | Relax | Chris Newby | United Kingdom | |||
Jury Award | The Making of Monsters | John Greyson | Canada | |||
Special Award | Forbidden Love | Zapovezená láska | Vladislav Kvasnička | Czech Republic | ||
1992 (42nd) | Best Feature Film | Together Alone ‡ | P. J. Castellaneta | United States | [9] | |
Best Documentary Film | Voices from the Front | David Meieran, Robyn Hut and Sandra Elgear | United States | |||
Best Short Film | Caught Looking | Constantine Giannaris | United Kingdom | |||
Jury Award | Edward II | Derek Jarman | United Kingdom | |||
Audience Award | Swoon | Tom Kalin | United States | |||
1993 (43rd) | Best Feature Film | Wittgenstein ‡ | Derek Jarman | United Kingdom | [10] | |
Best Documentary Film | Silverlake Life | Tom Joslin and Peter Friedman | United States | |||
Best Short Film | P(l)ain Truth | Ilppo Pohjola | Finland | |||
Audience Award | Sex is... | Marc Huestis | United States | |||
1994 (44th) | Best Feature Film | Go Fish ‡ | Rose Troche | United States | [11] | |
Best Documentary Film | Coming Out Under Fire | Arthur Dong | United States | |||
Best Short Film | Carmelita Tropicana: Your Kunst Is Your Waffen | Ela Troyano | United States | |||
Jury Award | Remembrance of Things Fast | John Maybury | United Kingdom | |||
Reader Award | Heavy Blow | Hoang A. Duong | United States | |||
Audience Award | Strawberry and Chocolate | Fresa y chocolate | Tomás Gutiérrez Alea and Juan Carlos Tabío | Cuba and Mexico | ||
1995 (45th) | Best Feature Film | The Last Supper ‡ | Cynthia Roberts | Canada | [12] | |
Best Documentary Film | Complaints of a Dutiful Daughter | Deborah Hoffmann | United States | |||
Best Short Film | Trevor | Peggy Rajski | United States | |||
Jury Award | Marble Ass | Дупе од мрамора | Želimir Žilnik | Serbia | ||
Reader Award | Ballot Measure 9 | Heather Lyn Macdonald | United States | |||
Audience Award | Priest | Antonia Bird | United Kingdom | |||
1996 (46th) | Best Feature Film | The Watermelon Woman ‡ | Cheryl Dunye | United States | [13] | |
Best Documentary Film | The Celluloid Closet | Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman | United States | |||
Best Essay Film | I'll Be Your Mirror | Nan Goldin and Edmund Coulthard | United Kingdom | |||
Best Short Film | Unbound | Claudia Morgado Escanilla | Canada | |||
Alkali, Iowa | Mark Christopher | United States | ||||
Jury Award | — | Jerry Tartaglia and Plaster Foundation[AR 6] † | — | |||
Reader Award | Paris Was a Woman | Greta Schiller | United Kingdom and United States | |||
1997 (47th) | Best Feature Film | All Over Me ‡ | Alex Sichel | United States | [14] | |
Best Essay Film | Murder and Murder | Yvonne Rainer | United States | |||
Best Short Film | Heroines of Love | Heldinnen der Liebe | Nathalie Percillier and Lily Besilly | Germany | ||
Special Award | — | Romy Haag † | — | |||
Reader Award | All Over Me | Alex Sichel | United States | |||
1998 (48th) | Best Feature Film | Hold You Tight ‡ | Stanley Kwan | Hong Kong | [15] | |
Best Documentary Film | The Brandon Teena Story | Susan Muska and Gréta Olafsdóttir | United States | |||
Best Short Film | Peppermills | Isabel Hegner | United States and Switzerland | |||
Jury Award | The Man in Her Life | Ang Lalaki sa Buhay ni Selya | Carlos Siguion-Reyna | Philippines | ||
Reader Award | The Brandon Teena Story | Susan Muska and Gréta Olafsdóttir | United States | |||
Special Award | — | Richard O'Brien † | — | |||
Special Mention | Uncut | John Greyson | Canada | |||
1999 (49th) | Best Feature Film | Show Me Love ‡ | Fucking Åmål ‡ | Lukas Moodysson | Sweden | [16] |
Best Documentary Film | The Man Who Drove With Mandela | Greta Schiller | United Kingdom and Netherlands | |||
Best Short Film | Liu Awaiting Spring | Andrew Soo | Australia | |||
Jury Award | Aimée & Jaguar[AR 7] | Max Färberböck | Germany | |||
Lola and Billy the Kid[AR 7] | Lola und Bilidikid | Kutluğ Ataman | ||||
Gendernauts: A Journey Through Shifting Identities[AR 7] | Gendernauts | Monika Treut | ||||
Piglets[AR 7] | Ferkel | Luc Feit | ||||
NY'NY 'n Why Not[AR 7] | Michael Brynntrup | |||||
Reader Award | Trick | Jim Fall | United States | |||
2000 (50th) | Best Feature Film | Water Drops on Burning Rocks ‡ | Gouttes d'eau sur pierres brûlantes ‡ | François Ozon | France | [17] |
Best Documentary Film | Paragraph 175 | Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman | United States | |||
Best Short Film | Sticky Dough | Hartes Brot | Nathalie Percillier | Germany | ||
Jury Award | Funny Felix | Drôle de Félix | Olivier Ducastel and Jacques Martineau | France | ||
Chrissy | Jacqui North | Australia | ||||
Reader Award | Funny Felix | Drôle de Félix | Olivier Ducastel and Jacques Martineau | France | ||
2001 (51st) | Best Feature Film | Hedwig and the Angry Inch ‡ | John Cameron Mitchell | United States | [18] | |
Best Documentary Film | Trembling Before G-d | Sandi Simcha DuBowski | United States | |||
Best Short Film | Erè Mèla Mèla | Daniel Wiroth | France and Luxembourg | |||
Jury Award | Forbidden Fruit | Sue Maluwa-Bruce and Beate Kunath | Germany and Zimbabwe | |||
Reader Award | The Iron Ladies | Sa tree lex | Yongyoot Thongkongtoon | Thailand | ||
Special Award | — | Moritz de Hadeln[AR 8] † | — | |||
Special Mention | Chop Suey[AR 9] | Bruce Weber | United States | |||
The Iron Ladies[AR 9] | Sa tree lex | Yongyoot Thongkongtoon | Thailand | |||
2002 (52nd) | Best Feature Film | Walking on Water ‡ | Tony Ayres | Australia | [19] | |
Best Documentary Film | All About My Father | Alt om min Far | Even Benestad | Norway and Denmark | ||
Best Short Film | Celebration | Daniel Stedman | United States | |||
Jury Award | Just a Woman | Juste une femme | Mitra Farahani | France and Iran | ||
Reader Award | Walking on Water | Walking on Water | Tony Ayres | Australia | ||
2003 (53rd) | Best Feature Film | A Thousand Clouds of Peace ‡ | Mil nubes de paz cercan el cielo, amor, jamás acabarás de ser amor ‡ | Julián Hernández | Mexico | [20] |
Best Documentary Film | Talk Straight: The World of Rural Queers | Ich kenn keinen – Allein unter Heteros | Jochen Hick | Germany | ||
Best Short Film | Precious Moments | Fremragende Timer | Lars Krutzkoff and Jan Dalchow | Norway | ||
Reader Award | The Event | Thom Fitzgerald | Canada | |||
Special Award | — | F. W. Murnau † | — | |||
2004 (54th) | Best Feature Film | Wild Side ‡ | Sébastien Lifshitz | France | [21] | |
Best Documentary Film | The Nomi Song | Andrew Horn | Germany | |||
Best Short Film | With What Shall I Wash It? | Con qué la lavaré? | Maria Trénor | Spain | ||
Reader Award | D.E.B.S. | Angela Robinson | United States | |||
Special Award | — | Edition Salzgeber[AR 10] † | — | |||
2005 (55th) | Best Feature Film | A Year Without Love ‡ | Un año sin amor ‡ | Anahí Berneri | Argentina | [22] |
Best Documentary Film | Feline Masquerade | Katzenball | Veronika Minder | Switzerland | ||
Best Short Film | The Intervention | Jay Duplass | United States | |||
Reader Award | Transamerica | Duncan Tucker | United States | |||
2006 (56th) | Best Feature Film | The Blossoming of Maximo Oliveros ‡ | Ang Pagdadalaga ni Maximo Oliveros ‡ | Auraeus Solito | Philippines | [23] |
Best Documentary Film | Beyond Hatred | Au-delà de la haine | Olivier Meyrou | France | ||
Best Short Film | The Day I Died | El día que morí | Maryam Keshavarz | Argentina and United States | ||
Jury Award | Combat | Patrick Carpentier | Belgium | |||
Reader Award | Paper Dolls | Bubot Niyar | Tomer Heymann | Israel and Switzerland | ||
2007 (57th) | Best Feature Film | Spider Lilies ‡ | Ci-Qing ‡ | Zero Chou | Taiwan | [24] |
Best Documentary Film | A Walk Into the Sea: Danny Williams and the Warhol Factory | Esther B. Robinson | United States | |||
Audience Award | Notes on a Scandal | Richard Eyre | United States and United Kingdom | |||
Reader Award | The Bubble | Eytan Fox | Israel | |||
Social Spots | Security Camera[AR 1] | Überwachungskamera | MANEO Stop Violence Against Gays Project | Germany | ||
Love Hurts[AR 1] | ||||||
Special Award | — | Helmut Berger † | — | |||
Special Mention | La León[AR 11] | Santiago Otheguy | Argentina and France | |||
2008 (58th) | Best Feature Film | The Amazing Truth About Queen Raquela ‡ | Die reine Wahrheit über Queen Raquela ‡ | Olaf de Fleur | Iceland | [25] |
Best Documentary Film | Football Under Cover | David Assman and Ayat Najafi | Germany | |||
Audience Award | ||||||
Best Short Film | Tá | Felipe Sholl | Brazil | |||
Jury Award | Be Like Others | Tanaz Eshaghian | United States, Canada, and Iran | |||
Reader Award | ||||||
Special Award | — | Hans Stempel and Martin Ripkens[AR 12] † | — | |||
Keith Collins, Simon Fisher Turner, Isaac Julien, James Mackay and Tilda Swinton[AR 12] † | ||||||
2009 (59th) | Best Feature Film | Raging Sun, Raging Sky ‡ | Rabioso sol, rabioso cielo ‡ | Julián Hernández | Mexico | [26] |
Best Documentary/Essay Film | Fig Trees | John Greyson | Canada | |||
Best Short Film | A Horse Is Not a Metaphor | Barbara Hammer | United States | |||
Reader Award | City of Borders | Yun Suh | United States | |||
Special Award | — | Joe Dallesandro[AR 13] † | — | |||
John Hurt[AR 13] † | ||||||
2010 (60th) | Best Feature Film | The Kids Are All Right ‡ | Lisa Cholodenko | United States and France | [27] | |
Best Documentary/Essay Film | The Mouth of the Wolf | La bocca del lupo | Pietro Marcello | Italy | ||
Best Short Film | The Feast of Stephen | James Franco | United States | |||
Jury Award | Open | Jake Yuzna | United States | |||
Reader Award | Postcard to Daddy | Michael Stock | Germany | |||
Special Award | — | Werner Schroeter[AR 14] † | — | |||
2011 (61st) | Best Feature Film | Absent ‡ | Ausente ‡ | Marco Berger | Argentina | [28] |
Best Documentary/Essay Film | The Ballad of Genesis and Lady Jaye | Marie Losier | United States and France | |||
Best Short Film | Generations | Barbara Hammer and Gina Carducci | United States | |||
Maya Deren's Sink | Barbara Hammer | United States | ||||
Jury Award | Tomboy | Céline Sciamma | France | |||
Reader Award | Harvest | Stadt Land Fluss | Benjamin Cantu | Germany | ||
Special Award | — | Pieter-Dirk Uys[AR 15] † | — | |||
2012 (62nd) | Best Feature Film | Keep the Lights On ‡ | Ira Sachs | United States | [29] | |
Best Documentary Film | Call Me Kuchu | Malika Zouhali-Worrall and Katherine Fairfax Wright | United States | |||
Best Short Film | Loxoro | Claudia Llosa | Spain, Peru, Argentina, and United States | |||
Jury Award | Jaurès | Vincent Dieutre | France | |||
Reader Award | The Parade | Parade | Srđan Dragojević | Serbia, Croatia, Macedonia, and Slovenia | ||
Special Award | — | Ulrike Ottinger[AR 16] † | — | |||
Mario Montez[AR 16] † | ||||||
2013 (63rd) | Best Feature Film | In the Name of ‡ | W imię... ‡ | Małgorzata Szumowska | Poland | [30] |
Best Documentary Film | Bambi | Sébastien Lifshitz | France | |||
Best Short Film | Undress Me | Ta av mig | Victor Lindgren | Sweden | ||
Jury Award | Concussion | Stacie Passon | United States | |||
Reader Award | In the Name of | W imię... | Małgorzata Szumowska | Poland | ||
Special Award | — | STEPS for the Future[AR 17] † | — | |||
2014 (64th) | Best Feature Film | The Way He Looks ‡ | Hoje eu quero voltar sozinho ‡ | Daniel Ribeiro | Brazil | [31] |
Best Documentary Film | The Circle | Der Kreis | Stefan Haupt | Switzerland | ||
Best Short Film | Mondial 2010 | Roy Dib | Lebanon | |||
Jury Award | Pierrot Lunaire | Bruce LaBruce | Germany and Canada | |||
Reader Award | 52 Tuesdays | Sophie Hyde | Australia | |||
Special Award | — | Rosa von Praunheim[AR 18] † | — | |||
Elfi Mikesch[AR 18] † | ||||||
David Kato Vision and Voice Award | Sou Sotheavy[AR 3]† | |||||
2015 (65th) | Best Feature Film | Nasty Baby ‡ | Sebastián Silva | United States, Chile, and France | [32] | |
Best Documentary/Essay Film | The New Man | El hombre nuevo | Aldo Garay | Uruguay and Chile | ||
Best Short Film | Saint Christopher | San Cristóbal | Omar Zúñiga Hidalgo | Chile | ||
Jury Award | Stories of Our Lives | Jim Chuchu | Kenya | |||
Reader Award | Thanatos, Drunk | Zuì Shēng Mèng Sǐ | Chang Tso-chi | Taiwan | ||
Special Award | — | Udo Kier[AR 4] † | — | |||
David Kato Vision & Voice Award | Martha Tholanah[AR 19] † | |||||
2016 (66th) | Best Feature Film | Tomcat ‡ | Kater ‡ | Händl Klaus | Austria | [33] |
Best Documentary Film | Kiki | Sara Jordenö | Sweden and United States | |||
Best Short Film | Moms on Fire | Joanna Rytel | Sweden | |||
Jury Award | You'll Never Be Alone | Nunca vas a estar solo | Álex Anwandter | Chile | ||
Audience Award | Paris 05:59: Théo & Hugo | Théo et Hugo dans le même bateau | Olivier Ducastel and Jacques Martineau | France | ||
Reader Award | Don't Call Me Son | Mãe só há uma | Anna Muylaert | Brazil | ||
Special Award | — | Christine Vachon[AR 20] † | — | |||
2017 (67th) | Best Feature Film | A Fantastic Woman ‡ | Una mujer fantástica ‡ | Sebastián Lelio | Chile | [34] |
Best Documentary Film | Small Talk | Cidade Pequena | Hui-chen Huang | Taiwan | ||
Best Short Film | My Gay Sister | Min Homosyster | Lia Hietala | Sweden and Norway | ||
Jury Award | Close-Knit | Karera ga Honki de Amu toki wa | Naoko Ogigami | Japan | ||
Reader Award | God's Own Country | Francis Lee | United Kingdom | |||
Special Award | — | Monika Treut[AR 21] † | — | |||
2018 (68th) | Best Feature Film | Hard Paint ‡ | Tinta Bruta ‡ | Filipe Matzembacher and Marcio Reolon | Brazil | [35] |
Best Documentary/Essay Film | Tranny Fag | Bixa Travesty | Claudia Priscilla and Kiko Goifman | Brazil | ||
Best Short Film | Three Centimetres | Lara Zeidan | United Kingdom | |||
Jury Award | Obscuro Barroco | Evangelia Kranioti | France and Greece | |||
Newcomer Award | Retablo | Alvaro Delgado-Aparicio | Peru, Germany, and Norway | |||
Reader Award | The Heiresses | Las herederas | Marcelo Martinessi | Paraguay | ||
2019 (69th) | Best Feature Film | Brief Story from the Green Planet ‡ | Breve historia del planeta verde ‡ | Santiago Loza | Argentina, Germany, Brazil, and Spain | [36] |
Best Documentary/Essay Film | Lemebel | Joanna Reposi Garibaldi | Chile and Colombia | |||
Best Short Film | Entropia | Flóra Anna Buda | Hungary | |||
Jury Award | A Dog Barking at the Moon | Xiang Zi | China and Spain | |||
Reader Award | Brief Story from the Green Planet | Breve historia del planeta verde | Santiago Loza | Argentina, Germany, Brazil, and Spain | ||
Special Award | — | Falk Richter[AR 22] † | — | |||
2020 (70th) | Best Feature Film | No Hard Feelings ‡ | Futur Drei ‡ | Faraz Shariat | Germany | [37] |
Best Documentary/Essay Film | If It Were Love | Si c'était de l'amour | Patric Chiha | France | ||
Best Short Film | Playback | Playback. Ensayo de una despedida | Agustina Comedi | Argentina | ||
Jury Award | Days | Rizi | Tsai Ming-liang | Taiwan | ||
Reader Award | No Hard Feelings | Futur Drei | Faraz Shariat | Germany | ||
Activist Award | — | David Isteev, Olga Baranova and Maxim Lapunov[AR 2] † | — | |||
2021 (71st) | Best Feature Film | Miguel's War ‡ | Eliane Raheb | Lebanon, Germany, and Spain | [38] | |
Best Short Film | International Dawn Chorus Day | John Greyson | Canada | |||
Jury Award | Instructions for Survival | Yana Ugrekhelidze | Germany | |||
Special Award | — | Jenni Olson[AR 23] † | — | |||
2022 (72nd) | Best Feature Film | Three Tidy Tigers Tied a Tie Tighter ‡ | Três tigres tristes ‡ | Gustavo Vinagre | Brazil | [39] |
Best Documentary Film | Alis | Clare Weiskopf | Colombia Chile Romania | |||
Best Short Film | Exalted Mars | Mars Exalté | Jean-Sébastien Chauvin | France | ||
Jury Award | Nelly & Nadine | Magnus Gertten | Sweden | |||
2023 (73rd) | Best Feature Film | All the Colours of the World Are Between Black and White ‡ | Babatunde Apalowo | Nigeria | [40] | |
Best Documentary Film | Orlando, My Political Biography | Orlando, ma biographie politique | Paul B. Preciado | France | ||
Best Short Film | Dipped in Black | Marungka tjalatjunu | Matthew Thorne, Derik Lynch | Australia | ||
Jury Award | — | Vicky Knight † | — | |||
Special Award | Andriy Khalpakhchi, Bohdan Zhuk † | |||||
2024 (74th) | Best Feature Film | All Shall Be Well ‡ | Ray Yeung | Hong Kong | [41] | |
Best Documentary Film | Teaches of Peaches | Judy Landkammer, Philipp Fussenegger | Germany | |||
Best Short Film | Grandmamauntsistercat | Zuza Banasińska | Netherlands, Poland | |||
Jury Award | Crossing | Levan Akin † | Sweden, Denmark, France, Turkey, Georgia | |||
Special Award | — | Lothar Lambert † | — |
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