Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education

Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM; Spanish: Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey), also known as Technological Institute of Monterrey (Spanish: Tecnológico de Monterrey) or just Tec, is a private research university based in Monterrey, Mexico, which has grown to include 35 campuses located across 25 cities in the country and 22 liasion offices in other 15 countries.^[6][4]

Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education

Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
Type	Private
Established	September 6, 1943; 81 years ago (1943-09-06)[1]
Founder	Eugenio Garza Sada
Academic affiliations	SACS, APRU, Universitas 21, ECIU, ANUIES, CUDI, FIMPES, CGU, WUN, Washington University in St. Louis McDonnell International Scholars Academy[2]
Chairman	Ricardo Saldívar Escajadillo
Rector	David Garza Salazar
Academic staff	9,916 (2019)[3]
Students	91,200 (2019)[3]
Undergraduates	57,066 (2019)[3]
Postgraduates	6,984 (2019)[3]
Other students	27,150 (2019)[3]
Location	Monterrey , Nuevo León , Mexico
Campus	26 across Mexico[4]
Colors	Blue
Nickname	Borregos Salvajes
Mascot	Teus[5]
Website	tec.mx
ITESM logo

The university was founded in 1943 by Eugenio Garza Sada,^[7] an MIT-educated industrialist. As of 2019, it is the 15th university in the world with the highest number of billionaire alumni according to Times Higher Education and the only university in Latin America to appear in the ranking.^[8] ITESM is also known as being the first university to be connected to the Internet in Ibero-America^{[9][10][nb 1]} and being one of the leaders in patent applications among Mexican universities.^[11][12]

History

Main article: History of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education

Early years

The institute was founded on September 6, 1943, by a group of local businessmen led by Eugenio Garza Sada, a moneyed heir of a brewing conglomerate who was interested in creating an institution that could provide highly skilled personnel — both university graduates and technicians— to the booming Monterrey corporations of the 1940s.^[13] The group was structured into a non-profit organization called Enseñanza e Investigación Superior A.C. (EISAC) and recruited several academicians led by León Ávalos y Vez, an MIT alumnus and then director-general of the School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering of the National Polytechnic Institute, who designed its first academic programs and served as its first director-general.^{[14][page needed]}

In its early years the Institute operated at Abasolo 858 Oriente in a large, two-story house located a block and a half away from Zaragoza Square, behind the city's Metropolitan Cathedral.^{[14][page needed]} As these facilities soon proved to be insufficient, it started renting out adjacent buildings and by 1945 it became apparent that a university campus was necessary. For that reason, a master plan was commissioned to Enrique de la Mora and on February 3, 1947, what would later be known as its Monterrey Campus was inaugurated by Mexican President Miguel Alemán Valdés.^{[1][page needed]}

Because the operations of the local companies were highly reliant on U.S. markets, investments, and technology; internationalization became one of its earliest priorities. In 1950 it became the first foreign university in history to be accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS),^{[15][page needed]} one of the six regional accreditation agencies recognized by the United States Department of Education. Its foreign accreditation would end up being a decisive influence in its development, as it was forced to submit itself to external evaluation earlier than most Mexican universities (1967)^{[15][page needed]} and unlocked additional sources of revenue, such as tuition funds from foreign students interested in taking summer courses in Mexico for full-academic credit.^{[15][page needed]}

Expansion

The Eugenio Garza Sada Memorial honors the institute's chief founder and promoter at the Monterrey Campus

Its growth outside the city of Monterrey began in the late-1960s, when both its rector and head of academics lobbied for expansion. A first attempt, funded a few years earlier by several businessmen from Mexicali, Baja California, was staffed and organized by the Institute but faced opposition from the Board of Trustees once the federal government refused any additional subsidy^[16] and members of the Board cast doubt on its ability to get funds as an out-of-state university. At the end the project was renamed Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior (CETYS) and grew into a fully independent institution.^{[14][page needed][17][page needed]}

Aside from the CETYS experiment and the 150 hectares bought in 1951 for the agricultural program's experimental facilities in nearby Apodaca, Nuevo León, no other expansion outside Monterrey was attempted until 1967, when a school of maritime studies was built in the port of Guaymas, Sonora. Shortly thereafter, premises were built in Obregón and courses began to be offered in Mexico City. Those premises and the ones that followed, then called external units, were fully dependent on the Monterrey Campus until 1984, when they were restructured as semi-independent campuses and reorganized in regional rectorates (see Organization).^{[citation needed]}

In 1987, when the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools demanded faculty members with master's degrees to lecture 100% of its undergraduate courses,^[18] the Institute invested considerably in both distance learning and computer network technologies and training, effectively becoming, on February 1, 1989, the first university ever connected to the Internet in both Latin America^[9] and the Spanish-speaking world.^[10] Such efforts contributed to the creation of its former Virtual University a few years later and allowed it to become the first country-code top level domain registry in Mexico; first by itself from 1989 to 1995, and then as a major shareholder of NIC Mexico, the current national registry.^[19]

Campuses

The institute has campuses in twenty-five Mexican cities (see: Campuses by region)

There are thirty-one campuses of the Institute distributed in twenty-five Mexican cities. Each campus is relatively independent but shares a national academic curriculum (see Academics). The flagship campus is located in Monterrey, where the national, system-wide rectorate is located. Most of them deliver both high school and undergraduate education, some offer postgraduate programs and only eight (Cumbres, Eugenio Garza Sada, Eugenio Garza Lagüera, Santa Catarina, Metepec, Santa Anita, Esmeralda and Valle Alto) deliver high school courses exclusively. Nevertheless, curricular and extension courses and seminars are usually available at most facilities.^{[citation needed]}

Campuses by region

ITESM Mexico City Campus - CEDETEC building

Former campuses include Celaya (Prepa Tec, closed in 2020), Veracruz (closed in 2021), Guaymas (transferred to TecMilenio University in the early 2000s) and Mazatlán (transferred to TecMilenio University in 2009).^[20]

• North: Monterrey, PrepaTec Cumbres, PrepaTec Eugenio Garza Lagüera, PrepaTec Eugenio Garza Sada, Prepa Tec Santa Catarina, PrepaTec Valle Alto, Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Ciudad Juárez, Laguna, Saltillo, Tampico and Zacatecas.
• Centro: Mexico City, Santa Fe, State of Mexico, PrepaTec Esmeralda, Toluca
• South: Chiapas, Cuernavaca, Hidalgo, PrepaTec Metepec, Puebla
• West: Colima, Guadalajara, Irapuato, León, Morelia, PrepaTec Navojoa, Northern Sonora, Obregón, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, PrepaTec Santa Anita and Sinaloa.

ITESM - Santa Fe Campus

ITESM - Puebla City Campus

ITESM - Queretaro City Campus

The Innovation and Technical and Technology Transfer Park (PIT3) at Chihuahua Campus.

As of June 2019, campuses were divided into the following Mexican regions:^[21]

Other infrastructure

In addition to the campuses, the Institute manages:

• The Ignacio A. Santos Medical School, the Hospital San José and the Zambrano-Hellion Medical Center.^[22]
• Eight international sites in Argentina (Buenos Aires), Colombia (Bogotá, Medellín), Ecuador (Guayaquil and Quito), Panama (Panama City), Peru (Lima) and the United States (Miami) offering extension courses, research and international consulting.^[4][23]
• Fifteen liaison offices in charge of forging international partnerships and negotiating professional internships and academic exchanges with local universities, companies and civil institutions. Current liaison offices are located in Belgium (Brussels), Canada (Montreal and Vancouver), China (Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai), France (Nice and Paris), Italy (Florence, Macerata and Verona), Switzerland (Fribourg), Spain (Barcelona and Madrid) and the United States (Boston, Dallas and Washington, D.C.)^[4]

Organization

The Rectorate (left) and the CETEC towers at the Monterrey Campus

The Old Library Building, current Rectorate, was designed by Enrique de la Mora, displays a bas relief by Jorge González Camarena and holds one of the largest collections of Don Quixote incunabula, an original edition of L'Encyclopédie and other bibliographical treasures^{[1][page needed]}

All campuses are sponsored by non-profit organizations composed primarily of local businesspeople. The Monterrey Campus is sponsored by Enseñanza e Investigación Superior, A.C. (EISAC), which co-sponsored the system as a whole until a newly built organization, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, A.C. (ITESM AC) overtook those responsibilities.^{[17][page needed]} Such organizations (effectively serving as boards of trustees) are responsible for electing the rectors or directors of a particular campus. Since February 2012, the president of ITESMAC is José Antonio Fernández, a class of 1976 alumnus and current chairman and CEO of FEMSA.^[24][25] Former presidents include the founder, Eugenio Garza Sada (1943–73) and his son, Eugenio Garza Lagüera (1973–97), and Lorenzo Zambrano (1997–2012), a class of 1966 alumnus and until his passing.^[26]

Former heads of the Institute include:

• León Ávalos y Vez (1943–1947) first director-general.^[27]
• Roberto Guajardo Suárez (1947–1951) second director-general.^[27]
• Víctor Bravo Ahuja (1951–1958) third director-general, and from April 11, 1955, first rector.^[28]
• Fernando García Roel (1959–1984) second rector.^[27]
• Rafael Rangel Sostmann (1985–2011) third rector.^[29]
• Salvador Alva (2011–2019) fourth rector and Executive President.^[30]

Since 2020, The Tecnológico de Monterrey Rector and Executive President is David Garza Salazar.

High schools

Following the historical trend of Mexico's largest universities,^[31] the Institute sponsors several high schools which are united under the name "HighPoint International School". This high schools share one or more national curricula: bicultural, multicultural and/or International Baccalaureate, which is administered from Geneva, Switzerland.^[32] The bicultural focuses on better understanding of the English language, the multicultural program requires studying a third language and to have an exchange program abroad. Finally, the IB is an academically challenging program where students can obtain the IB Diploma when they graduate. Additionally, students can receive college credits both at the TEC and universities abroad.^{[33][failed verification]} Multicultural students are able to take IB courses if they wish with the focus on obtaining IB Subject Certificates. As of December 2017^[update], over 26,000 students in several campuses were registered as high school students within the system.^[3]

Academics

The oldest academic building in the Monterrey Campus, Aulas I, and the towers of the Center of Advanced Production Technology (CETEC), which house several research centers

Academically, the university is organized into several departments and divisions —as opposed to the traditional faculty school scheme used by most Mexican public universities— and it was the first Mexican university in history to divide the academic year in semesters. Current academic calendar for both high school and undergraduate students is composed of two semesters running from August to December and from January to May (each lasting 16 weeks) and an optional summer session from June to July, where at most two courses can be taken in an intensive basis.^{[citation needed]}

As of 2010^[update], the institute offers 57 undergraduate degrees, of which 37 are taught in English and are generally awarded after nine semesters of study (except for Medicine and Architecture);^[3] 33 master's degrees, generally lasting three to five semesters (and can also be structured in three-months terms),^[3] and 11 doctorate degrees varying in length according to their academic field.^[3]

Admissions

Since 1969 the Institute requires every college applicant to achieve a minimum pass mark at an academic aptitude test which is 900 out of 1600. (Prueba de Aptitud Académica, PAA) delivered by The College Board, a not-for-profit examination board in the United States.^[34] However, each campus is free to request additional requirements; such as a grade average of 80 or 90 in high school (on a 100-point scale) for those willing to transfer or apply to the Monterrey Campus.^[35] As for the graduate schools, the requirements may vary according to the discipline, such as a grade average of 80/100 and 550-points in both the GMAT and the TOEFL for some programs at its Graduate Business School (EGADE).^[36]

Accreditations

The International Center for Advanced Learning (CIAP)

Studies at the institute are officially accredited by the Secretariat of Public Education of Mexico (Secretaría de Educación Pública, SEP) and by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS)^[37] of the United States. In November 2008, its graduate business school (EGADE) became one of the 34 business schools in the world to hold simultaneous accreditation of its programs by the AACSB of the United States, the Association of MBAs of the United Kingdom and the European Quality Improvement System (EQUIS)^[38] while the Institute became the first Latin American university in history to receive full-accreditation on some of its engineering programs by ABET (as opposed to the traditional substantially-equivalent designation given to most schools outside the United States).^[39]

The quality of its programs is also audited by the Institute of Food Technologists, the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management and by the national accrediting councils of Mexico, such as the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (Consejo para la Acreditación de la Educación Superior, COPAES) and the Inter-Institutional Committees for Higher Education Evaluation (Comités Interinstitucionales de Evaluación de la Educación Superior, CIEES).^[40]

As of 2017^[update], 169 undergraduate degrees were accredited by national accrediting councils and 36 were accredited by international accrediting agencies.^[3] As for graduate degrees, 11 were accredited by international accrediting agencies and 58 were listed in the National Census of High-Quality Postgraduate Studies (Padrón Nacional de Posgrados de Calidad, PNPC) by the National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT).^[3]

Academic memberships

The institute is the only Latin American institution at the European Consortium of Innovative Universities (ECIU) —an organization committed to innovations in both teaching and learning^[41]— and at Universitas 21; an international network of research-intensive universities established as an "international reference point and resource for strategic thinking on issues of global significance."^[42] It is also the only Mexican university, along the National Autonomous University of Mexico, to be enrolled at the Association of Pacific Rim Universities, an international consortium of leading research universities including Stanford University, University of California, Berkeley and Caltech.^[43] The institute was also the first private university to become a member of the National Association of Universities and Institutions of Higher Education of Mexico (ANUIES) back when it was composed entirely by public universities (1958)^[15] and is a full member of the Mexican Federation of Private Institutions of Higher Education (Federación de Instituciones Mexicanas Particulares de Educación Superior, FIMPES). The university recently became a partner of Washington University in St. Louis through the McDonnell International Scholars Academy.^[44][45]

Faculty

Main article: List of Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education faculty

Sustainable Campus

The institute has over 10,000 professors at high school, undergraduate and postgraduate levels: 2,207 tenured and 7,900 associated professors, and all of them have the appropriate academic credentials to lecture at their corresponding academic level according to the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.^[3] As of 2017^[update] some 470 professors taught courses, worked in international projects or attended seminars or congresses at foreign universities while some 590 foreign professors taught courses at the institute.^[3] As for their academic development, its faculty training program was bestowed with the 2004 Andrew Heiskell Award for Innovation in International Education by the Institute of International Education.^[46]

Libraries

The institute has at least thirty-three libraries in twenty-five Mexican cities holding over 2.4 million books, publications, and 46 types of electronic databases with at least 51,000 specialized magazines and academic journals and over 9000 e-books.^[47] Its Cervantean Library, named after Miguel de Cervantes and located in the current rectorate, holds one of the largest collections of Don Quixote incunabula, an original edition of L'Encyclopédie, and the Mario Pani Archives, and other bibliographical treasures while the main library of the Monterrey Campus holds the personal collections of archaeologist Ignacio Bernal.^[48]

Rankings

University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World[49]	801–900 (2022)
QS World[50]	=184 (2024)
THE World[51]	601–800 (2024)
USNWR Global[52]	=759 (2023)

World Ranking

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
QS[53]	279	253	238	206	199	178	158	155	161

Its graduate business school, EGADE, in Monterrey, Mexico.

Overall, the institute is the only Mexican university besides the National Autonomous University of Mexico to be ranked at the 2010 QS World University Rankings, in which it was classified #65 worldwide at its Employer's Review, #269 in Engineering and Information Technology, #232 in Social Sciences and #387 at its overall ranking.^[54] In the 2010 International Professional Ranking of World Universities, developed by the École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, it ranked 224 out of 390 worldwide.^[55]

Among its graduate schools, EGADE has been ranked 7th among the best business schools outside the United States according to the Wall Street Journal (2006),^[56] 4th in the world in business ethics and social-responsibility programs according to BusinessWeek magazine (2005),^[57] among the 100 best graduate business schools in the world by the Economist Intelligence Unit (2009)^[58] and its OneMBA program, delivered in partnership with four different institutions (see Joint programs and international partnerships below) was ranked 27 worldwide by the Financial Times in its 2009 Executive Master in Business Administration rankings.^[59]

Joint programs and international partnerships

Student-created video documenting Tec's collaboration with Wikipedia

Some of its academic programs are offered as joint degrees or in partnership with foreign universities:

• Its Master of Science in Information Technology is offered as a joint degree with Carnegie-Mellon University,^[60] which is ranked 4th for graduate studies in computer science in 2008 according to U.S. News & World Report and 7th in Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences among Shanghai Jiao Tong University's world's top 100 universities.^[61]

Ricardo Legorreta designed the EGAP CEMEX building, which houses the Graduate School of Public Administration and Public Policy, at San Pedro Garza García, a suburb of Monterrey^[62]

• The OneMBA degree is offered through a partnership with the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the Rotterdam School of Management of the Netherlands, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the Getulio Vargas Foundation of Brazil and is ranked 27 worldwide among executive MBAs by the Financial Times.^[59]
• The B.A. Finance and Accounting is offered as a joint degree with the University of Texas at Austin, Master in Professional Accounting, ranked #1 Graduate Accounting School in the U.S. by U.S. News & World Report since 2007.^[63]
• The Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering is offered in partnership with the Université de Technologie de Troyes in France and with the Université Laval in Quebec, Canada.
• The Global MBA for Latin American Managers is offered in partnership with the Thunderbird School of Global Management, which has been ranked consistently by U.S. News & World Report as the #1 school in International Management since 1995.^[64]
• The medical degree is offered as a dual Ph.D. program with the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences of the Texas A&M Health Science Center.^[65]
• An International MBA program is offered as a joint degree with the University of San Diego.
• The institute has a strategic partnership with Johns Hopkins Hospital through Johns Hopkins Medicine International.
• The Master of Business Administration with a concentration in Global Business and Strategy (MBA-GBS) is a double degree MBA program jointly offered by the Graduate School of Business Administration and Leadership (EGADE) at the Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, and the Belk College of Business (Belk College) at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.^[66]
• The bachelor's degrees in Chemical Engineering are offered as joint degrees with the Reutlingen University of Germany.^[67]
• Several ITESM high schools offer the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme, which is administered by the Geneva-based International Baccalaureate.^[32]
• The school partners with New York City-based Trilogy Education Services to host a tech training program on ITESM's Mexico campus.^[68]

Medical school

ITESM campus Guadalajara.

Ignacio A. Santos School of Medicine, in the Guadalajara Campus

The Ignacio A. Santos School of Medicine (Escuela de Medicina Ignacio A. Santos, aka: EMIS) is the medical school division of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM). Established in 1978 in Monterrey, Mexico.^[69]

The School of Medicine was founded to satisfy the country's need for high quality medical training and innovation in biomedical research. Currently, there are approximately 500 students enrolled in the M.D. program and about 105 postgraduate students. Aside from the medical doctor program, the School of Medicine also offers a joint M.D.-Ph.D. program with Houston Methodist Hospital, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, and other Bachelors in Biosciences, Nutrition Sciences and Biomedical Engineering. The graduate medical education department offers several medical residency and fellowship programs.^[12] The general director of the TecSalud organization is Guillermo Torre M.D. PhD, a cardiologist who trained under Michael E. DeBakey MD at Baylor College of Medicine.^[70][71]

TecSalud TecSalud.

Research

Biotechnology Center Research Laboratories

Its FEMSA Biotechnology Center (left) is the leading source of patent applications among its research centers^[72] In 2008 the institute was the leading patent applicant among Mexican universities^[73] and generated three times as many international patents as its closest competitors.^[74]

Although some of the founding members of its faculty were prominent researchers (first rector León Ávalos y Vez had formed a National Commission on Science and served as director-general of the School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering of the National Polytechnic Institute) formal research activities at the institute did not start until 1951, when its Institute of Industrial Research was founded in close collaboration with the Southwest Research Institute of San Antonio, Texas —one of the oldest and largest independent, nonprofit, applied research and development organizations in the United States.^[75]

Notwithstanding some reputable achievements, throughout most of the 20th century its research activities —normally financed independently or under private sponsorship— were rather scarce in comparison to public universities such as the National Autonomous University of Mexico or the National Polytechnic Institute, whose budgets make up to 30% of the federal spending in higher education and, as such, are heavily financed by the government through the federal budget.^[76]

Despite its inherent difficulties to secure research funds in a developing country where private sponsorship barely accounts for 1.1% of the national spending on science,^[77] a new institutional mission in 2005 made social and scientific research in Mexico's strategic areas one of its top priorities for the next decade. As a result, new corporate endowments and funds were committed, new research programs were created (including the first research program financed by Google in Latin America)^[78] and important labs and infrastructure have been built, such as the US$ 43 million Femsa Biotechnology Center,^[79] the Water Center for Latin America and the Caribbean (financed by the Inter-American Development Bank and the Femsa Foundation),^[80] the Motorola Research and Development Center on Home & Networks Mobility,^[81] its MXN $24 million Center for Advanced Design at the Guadalajara Campus^[82] and, in association with the Mainz Institute of Microtechnology of Germany (IMM), the first center of chemical micro process engineering in Latin America.^[83]

Additionally, the Institute developed a researcher-friendly patent scheme that aims to attract talented researchers and reduce the national brain drain. The scheme, in which the researcher may receive up to 30% of the patent licensing income,^[84] works in combination with its internal MXN$ 100,000 Rómulo Garza Prize and its national MXN$ 200,000 Luis Elizondo Prize and has allowed it to become the leading patent applicant among Mexican universities since 2006.^[11]

Student life

An American football player from the State of Mexico Campus overlooks the playing field. Teams from the Institute won every single American Football Collegiate Championship in Mexico from 1998 to 2008^[85]

Student life, traditions and activities vary among campuses. Generally speaking, student involvement is encouraged by the local campus through an office of student affairs and the Department of Leadership and Student Formation (LiFE), which supervises most of the student groups, sports teams, regional associations and its student federation (FETEC).

The Institute goes to great lengths to provide scholarships to those in need, awarding partial financial assistance to 49% of its student population.^[3] However, with tuition fees exceeding MXN $200,000 per academic year^[86] (among the highest in Latin America according to Forbes magazine)^[87] most of its student community comes from upper and upper-middle class and the overall atmosphere is arguably politically and socially conservative. For example, opposite-sex visits are forbidden in dormitories unless it is in common areas and some high school staff in the Mexico City Campus has publicly admonished students for questioning conservative politicians during school visits^[88] (although no disciplinary action was ever taken).^[89]

The number of international students vary notably among campuses. As of December 2017^[update], 4,714 foreign students were studying in one of its campuses while 10,618 Tech students were taking courses in a foreign university.^[3]

Athletics

See also: Borregos Salvajes

The Estadio Tecnológico, aside from hosting athletic and cultural events, hosts professional football matches since 1952^[90] and served as an official venue for the 1983 FIFA World Youth Championship^[91] and the 1986 FIFA World Cup.^[92]

Aerial shot of the stadium of the Monterrey Rayados soccer team.

Tec has a good record in college athletics, picking up over 18% of the medals at the 2007 national collegiate competition (Universiada)^[93] and one of its campuses won every American Football Collegiate Championship in Mexico (ONEFA) from 1998 to 2008.^[85] Such accomplishments were possible through the institute's investments in sports facilities and personnel and a well-funded and comprehensive athletic scholarships program, which attracted a significant number of promising athletes but prompted allegations of talent drain by some of its rivals.^[94] Before the 2009 season the Institute decided to part ways with the organization and create a new league;^[95] however, the league didn't materialize after other breakaway universities decided to remain in the ONEFA.^[96] The Institute asked to return to the organization, but the ONEFA Board decided that the request should be formally presented in its next ordinary meeting, after the 2009 season,^[97] which its four teams ended up playing between themselves in a Tech-only championship.^[98] For the 2010 season, the Institute decided not to participate in the ONEFA championship and, instead, asked the CONADEIP, a national athletic association of private educational institutions, to create an American football championship.^[99]

Although there are local adaptations, since 1945 the system-wide sports mascot is the ram (borrego salvaje), traditionally embodied in a male bighorn sheep. A somewhat popular urban legend states that the mascot was chosen by the American football team on its way to a match, after spotting a male sheep on the road. According to the official sources, however, the mascot was chosen during an official contest held by students in the mid-1940s.^[15]

Notable people

See also: List of Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education alumni and List of Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education faculty

From December 2006 to January 2009 both the U.S. Secretary of Commerce and the Mexican Secretary of Economy (former Kelloggs' CEO Carlos Gutiérrez^[100] and Gerardo Ruiz Mateos^[101]) were Tech alumni. Other businesspeople include Cemex' CEO Lorenzo Zambrano,^[102] FEMSA's CEO José Antonio Fernández,^[103] Grupo Salinas' CEO Ricardo Salinas Pliego,^[104] film producer and activist Max Appedole, and Casa Cuervo's CEO Juan Beckman.^[105]

In science and technology, Alexander Balankin, former lecturer at the Mexico City Campus,^[106] has received the 2005 UNESCO Science Prize for his works on Fractal Mechanics; Ernesto Enkerlin received UNESCO's 2005 Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Preservation for his involvement in sustainability^[107] and two alumni have been members of the United States President's Information Technology Advisory Committee: Pedro Celis (Distinguished Engineer at Microsoft) and Héctor García Molina, former Director of Stanford University's Computer Science Department, 1999 ACM SIGMOD Innovations Award^[108] and highest h-index in Computer Science.^[109]

At least two late presidential candidates and democracy activists, Luis Donaldo Colosio and Manuel Clouthier, were former graduates. Over a dozen Mexican governors and cabinet members have attended classes at the institute, including former Secretary of Commerce and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) negotiator Herminio Blanco. In cultural affairs, Gabriel Zaid has distinguished himself as one of the leading Mexican intellectuals of the 20th century, and in sports, Fernando Platas and Víctor Estrada have both won Olympics medals, while former coach of Mexico's national football team, Miguel Mejía Barón, is in charge of the Football Department at Puebla.^[110]

As for staff and faculty, at least two rectors or directors of different universities have been lecturers or members of the staff at the institute. Luis Ernesto Derbez, a former Foreign Minister, is currently the Rector of the University of the Americas, Puebla. Enrique Cabrero Mendoza is the current head of The National Council for Science and Technology and a former rector of CIDE. In addition, the Ex-Rector Rafael Rangel Sostmann is member of the External Advisory Council of the World Bank Institute.

See also

• List of Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education faculty
• List of Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education alumni

Notes

1. The first connection from Spain was completed in mid-1990 (see Sanz) while the Institute was connected in February 1989 (see Islas).

References

1. Elizondo Elizondo, Ricardo (1993). El Tecnológico de Monterrey: Relación de 50 años (in Spanish). Tecnológico de Monterrey. OCLC 30485259. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
2. "Home". McDonnell International Scholars Academy.
3. "Data and Figures". ITESM. 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
4. "Educación" (in Spanish). Tecnológico de Monterrey. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
5. "Conoce a Teus, la nueva mascota Borrego del Tec de Monterrey" (in Spanish). ITESM. 2019. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
6. "ITESM - Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education | INOMICS". inomics.com. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
7. "Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education". International Association of Universities. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
8. "Where do Billionaires go to University?". April 11, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2021 – via The Times Higher Education Supplement.
9. Islas, Octavio; Gutiérrez, Fernando (December 2001). "El porvenir de NIC México" (in Spanish). Razón y Palabra. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
10. Sanz, Miguel A. (November 22, 2007). "Fundamentos históricos de la Internet en Europa y en España" (in Spanish). RedIRIS. Archived from the original on May 28, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2008. Así, fruto de esta decisión, la primera conexión plena desde España a la Internet tuvo lugar a mediados del año 1990
11. school%5d%5d offers the only %5b%5bMD-PhD|MD-Phd%5d%5d program available in Mexico, in partnership with the %5b%5bHouston Methodist Hospital%5d%5d. "2009 Mexican Institute of Industrial Property Annual Report" (in Spanish). Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 12, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2015. Las universidades que presentaron más solicitudes de patente en nuestro país fueron: el Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) con 37, la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) con 21 y la Universidad de Guanajuato (UG) con 10. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
12. "Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud TecSalud del Tecnológico de Monterrey". Escuelademedicina.tec.mx. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
13. Elizondo Elizondo, Ricardo (2000). Setenta veces siete (in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico: Ediciones Castillo. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-970-20-0098-3. OCLC 46366375. Retrieved July 4, 2008. Circula la versión – errónea, pero compartida por muchos – de que surgió como escuela técnica y evolucionó hasta convertirse en universidad. También es falsa la suposición de que se desarrolló siguiendo el modelo del Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts, alma mater de don Eugenio Garza Sada, el promotor de la idea y uno de sus fundadores. En realidad, el proyecto nació de la visión de un grupo de empresarios consciente de la necesidad de preparar dentro del país a los profesionistas que se requerían para la construcción del México moderno…El país contaba entonces con capital y también con mano de obra, pero no con personal que estuviera calificado para encargarse de la supervisión y la administración de la planta industrial: en una palabra, faltaban los mandos intermedios, mismos que, a su vez, deberían conocer las características de la cultura mexicana. Era indispensable que los profesionistas que requerían las empresas de casa se educaran en casa; eso sí, a condición de que tanto la educación como los graduados fueran de calidad equiparable a lo que se ofrecía fuera de México.
14. Mendirichaga, Rodrigo (1982). El Tecnológico de Monterrey: Sucesos, anécdotas, personajes (in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico: Ediciones Castillo. OCLC 17117284. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
15. Elizondo Elizondo, Ricardo (2000). Setenta veces siete (in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico: Ediciones Castillo. ISBN 978-970-20-0098-3. OCLC 46366375. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
16. Gómez Junco, Horacio (1997). Desde adentro (in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico: Fondo Estatal para la Cultura y las Artes de Nuevo León. p. 178. ISBN 978-970-18-0056-0. OCLC 44019433. Retrieved July 4, 2008. [E]l exrector del Tec, Víctor Bravo Ahuja, entonces subsecretario de Educación Pública, prometió un subsidio para la naciente escuela, siempre y cuando no llevara el nombre del Tecnológico de Monterrey. No era conveniente, decía, pues eran los tiempos en que el gobierno federal todavía mostraba franca animadversión en contra del Grupo Monterrey
17. Gómez Junco, Horacio (1997). Desde adentro (in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico: Fondo Estatal para la Cultura y las Artes de Nuevo León. ISBN 978-970-18-0056-0. OCLC 44019433. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
18. Cruz Limón, Carlos (2002). "The Virtual University:Customized Education in a Nutshell". In Paul S. Goodman (ed.). Technology enhanced learning: opportunities for change. Mahwah, N.J., U.S.A.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 186. ISBN 0-8058-3666-7. OCLC 248568356. Retrieved September 10, 2009. The SACS required that all professors have at least a master's degree, which at the time was not the case at ITESM on a systemwide basis. Due to the multicampus structure of ITESM, not every campus had the academic programs necessary for their professors to earn a master's degree on-site. Therefore, ITESM opted to use satellite technology to give all undergraduate professors the opportunity to pursue a graduate degree and thereby satisfy the requirements set forth by the SACS.
19. "Delegation Record for .MX". Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
20. "Desaparece el Tec de Monterrey en Mazatlán" [Monterrey Tech at Mazatlan cease operations] (in Spanish). El Sol de Mazatlán. February 5, 2009. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
21. "Tec de Monterrey anuncia cambios en su organización" [Monterrey Tech announces changes in its organization]. Milenio (in Spanish). November 23, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
22. "Inician construcción del Centro Médico Zambrano Hellion" (in Spanish). Panorama-No. 1559. April 4, 2008. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
23. "Internacionalización". Tecnológico de Monterrey. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
24. "José Antonio Fernández presidirá Consejo del Tec por cinco años más". Tecnológico de Monterrey. February 20, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
25. "Business Social Responsibility Award to Don Eugenio Garza Lagüera". Monterrey, Mexico: FEMSA. Archived from the original on September 30, 2009. Retrieved October 9, 2009.
26. "Stanford Business School Honors CEMEX CEO Lorenzo Zambrano for Excellence in Leadership". Monterrey, Mexico: Stanford Graduate School of Business News. May 15, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2009.
27. Reyes Salcido, Edgardo (March 4, 2009). "Muere Fernando García Roel". El Porvenir (in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2009.
28. Gómez Junco, Horacio (1997). Desde adentro (in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico: Fondo Estatal para la Cultura y las Artes de Nuevo León. p. 23. ISBN 978-970-18-0056-0. OCLC 44019433. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
29. "Salvador Alva nuevo Rector del Sistema Tecnológico de Monterrey" (in Spanish). Milenio. 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
30. "Salvador Alva, nuevo rector del Tec de Monterrey; sustituye a Rangel Sostmann". www.proceso.com.mx.
31. Rowling, Kevin (June 2006). "Education in Mexico". World Education Services. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
32. "PrepaTec Programas Académicos (Spanish)". TEC.MX. International Baccalaureate. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
33. "Getting IB diploma credit at US colleges and universities | IB Community Blog". Retrieved June 30, 2019.
34. "Politicas y Reglamentos de Profesional" (in Spanish). Tecnológico de Monterrey. April 30, 2008. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
35. "Proceso de Admisión" (in Spanish). Tecnológico de Monterrey. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
36. "Admisiones". February 17, 2022 (in Spanish). Tecnológico de Monterrey. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
37. Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (April 2008). "Member, Candidate and Applicant List" (PDF). p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 22, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2008.
38. "EGADE Business School, #1 de México y Latinoamérica, según ranking QS". Conecta. Tec de Monterrey. September 14, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
39. "Reciben la acreditación internacional ABET 11 carreras de la Escuela de Ingeniería del Tecnológico de Monterrey". Tec Review (in Spanish). Tecnológico de Monterrey. October 27, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
40. "Acreditaciones" (in Spanish). Tecnológico de Monterrey. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
41. European Consortium of Innovative Universities. "Member Universities". Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved January 23, 2009.
42. Universitas 21. "Member Universities". Archived from the original on February 10, 2010. Retrieved January 23, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
43. Association of Pacific Rim Universities. "Member Universities". Archived from the original on April 19, 2007. Retrieved January 23, 2009.
44. "McDonnell International Scholars Academy". Global. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
45. "Tecnológico de Monterrey". Global. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
46. "Andrew Heiskell Awards For Innovation in International Education". Institute of International Education. 2004. Archived from the original on March 9, 2004. Retrieved August 8, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
47. "Bibliotecas" (in Spanish). Tecnológico de Monterrey. Archived from the original on August 5, 2009. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
48. "Patrimonio cultural" (in Spanish). Tecnológico de Monterrey. Archived from the original on April 24, 2009. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
49. Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education
50. "QS World University Rankings 2024". Top Universities.
51. THE Monterrey Institute of Technology
52. "Best Global Universities - Tecnologico de Monterrey". U.S. News Education (USNWR). Retrieved March 8, 2024.
53. "Tecnológico de Monterrey". Top Universities. July 16, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
54. "QS World University Rankings 2010". 2010. Archived from the original on June 26, 2012. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
55. École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris. "International Professional Ranking of World Universities" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 20, 2011. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
56. Wall Street Journal (2006). "CareerJournal:International Business Schools". Archived from the original on January 10, 2007. Retrieved September 20, 2006.
57. "B-Schools Ranked on Social Studies". BusinessWeek. November 1, 2005. Archived from the original on May 4, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
58. "EGADE-Tec de Monterrey". The Economist. October 19, 2009. Retrieved July 10, 2010.
59. Financial Times (2009). "Executive MBA Rankings". Retrieved July 10, 2010.
60. "Aprovecha las maestrías de Ingeniería y Tecnología". Conecta (in Spanish). Tec de Monterrey. May 21, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
61. "Rankings". Carnegie Mellon University. Archived from the original on February 21, 2009. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
62. Ortiz, Aída (February 20, 2008). "Inaugura Presidente de México edificio de la EGAP" (in Spanish). Agencia Informativa ITESM. Retrieved July 10, 2009.^{[dead link‍]}
63. "Best graduate schools for accounting". May 31, 2022. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017.
64. "Global MBA for Latin American Managers". Thunderbird School of Global Management. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
65. "HSC signs agreement for new graduate program with Monterrey Tech". Texas A&M Health Science Center. July 14, 2006. Retrieved August 2, 2008.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
66. "Maestría en Administración y Dirección de Empresas - Doble grado académico con University of North Carolina at Charlotte (MBA - G)". Tecnológico de Monterrey. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
67. Guerra, Raymundo (February 28, 2008). "Ofrecen doble titulación a IQs" (PDF) (in Spanish). Panorama. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 3, 2008. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
68. "As US Tech Companies Look to Mexico, Coding Bootcamps Follow". Edsurge.com. September 28, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2018.
69. "Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud TecSalud del Tecnológico de Monterrey". Escuelademedicina.tec.mx. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
70. "Houston Methodist". Houstonmethodist.org. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
71. Torre-Amione, Guillermo; Hospital, Methodist (March 31, 2010). "A Conversation Remembering Michael E. DeBakey with Dr. Donald A. B. Lindberg and Dr. Guillermo Torre-Amione". Profiles.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
72. Córdova Rojas, Consuelo (February 29, 2008). "Realiza centro del ITESM investigaciones en varios sectores" (in Spanish). El Porvenir. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved April 22, 2009.
73. García, Diana. "Tiene Tecnológico de Monterrey 1er. lugar en solicitudes de patente" (in Spanish). Tecnológico de Monterrey. Retrieved April 22, 2009.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
74. Otero Briz, Mariana (March 26, 2009). "Presentó México 218 solicitudes de patentes en 2008" (PDF) (in Spanish). El Financiero. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 21, 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2009.
75. Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey: Décimo Aniversario 1943–1953 (in Spanish). Monterrey: Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey. January 1954. p. 26. OCLC 19450249. "Fue creado bajo patrocinio de Enseñanza e Investigación Superior, y está afiliado al Southwest Research Institute, centro de investigaciones norteamericano.
76. Oppenheimer, Andrés (2005). Cuentos chinos : el engaño de Washington, la mentira populista y la esperanza de América latina (in Spanish). Buenos Aires, Argentina: Editorial Sudamericana. ISBN 978-0-307-34799-2. OCLC 70055929. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
77. Aviles, Karina (January 3, 2007). "OCDE: insuficientes investigadores en México para actividades de alta calidad" (in Spanish). La Jornada. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
78. "Google desarrolla proyectos de investigación con el Tecnológico de Monterrey" (in Spanish). Transferencia: Posgrado, Investigación y Extensión en el Campus Monterrey. February 2, 2007. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
79. "Buscan en plantas mexicanas solución a enfermedades" (in Spanish). El Siglo de Torreón. March 8, 2008. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
80. "Water Center for Latin America and the Caribbean". Inter-American Development Bank. Archived from the original on March 26, 2009. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
81. "Abren Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Motorola" (PDF) (in Spanish). Panorama. June 12, 2008. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
82. León Martínez, Tansania (November 23, 2005). "Centro de Diseño madurará a incubados" (in Spanish). Tecnológico de Monterrey. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
83. Guerra, Raymundo (April 10, 2008). "Innovan con Centro de Microprocesos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Panorama. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 3, 2008. Retrieved August 3, 2008.
84. Ángeles, Alejandro; Moctezuma, Regina (March 17, 2008). "Innovación: de la academia a la empresa" (in Spanish). CNN Expansión. Archived from the original on March 27, 2008. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
85. "Cronología de Campeones Nacionales (12 Grandes)" (in Spanish). Organización Nacional Estudiantil de Futbol Americano. Archived from the original on April 20, 2008. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
86. "Tecnológico de Monterrey: Plan de Inversión Educativa" (in Spanish). ITESM. 2011. Archived from the original on February 21, 2013. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
87. Wingfield, Brian; Hau, Louis (January 21, 2008). "In Pictures: The World's Most Expensive Universities". Forbes. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
88. Herrera Beltrán, Claudia (April 15, 2005). "Reprime el Tec a alumna que increpó al Presidente" (in Spanish). La Jornada. Archived from the original on April 6, 2008. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
89. Herrera Beltrán, Claudia; Bolaños, Ángel (April 16, 2005). "Se desiste el Tec de expulsar a estudiante" (in Spanish). La Jornada. Archived from the original on December 5, 2007. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
90. "El Estadio Tecnológico" (in Spanish). Terra Networks. September 12, 2008. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
91. "Celebra 60 aniversario" (PDF). Semanario Panorama (Tecnológico de Monterrey). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 22, 2011. Retrieved July 10, 2010.
92. "FIFA World Cup: Venues" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 19, 2012. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
93. "¡Medallas, récords y hazañas! Borregas del Tec en lo alto del deporte". Conecta (in Spanish). Tecnológico de Monterrey. November 19, 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
94. "Se divide la ONEFA, con la creación de la Conferencia del Centro" (in Spanish). Notimex. February 13, 2008. Archived from the original on September 13, 2009. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
95. "Abandonan la ONEFA" (in Spanish). Milenio. March 14, 2009. Archived from the original on December 17, 2009. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
96. "Dos más se quedan" (in Spanish). Milenio. April 18, 2009. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
97. "Fuera Borregos" (in Spanish). Milenio. May 12, 2009. Archived from the original on December 26, 2009. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
98. "Ya tienen rival para la final" (in Spanish). Milenio. October 24, 2009. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
99. "Ahora ellos dicen no" (in Spanish). Milenio. February 19, 2010. Archived from the original on March 26, 2010. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
100. "Secretary Carlos M. Gutierrez". U.S. Department of Commerce. Archived from the original on April 22, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
101. "The cabinet". Presidencia de la República. August 8, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
102. "Face value: The master builder". The Economist. October 13, 2005. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
103. "José Antonio Fernández Carbajal". Femsa. Archived from the original on May 17, 2014. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
104. "Ricardo Salinas Pliego & family". Forbes. 2006. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
105. "Juan Beckman Vidal". Revista Líderes Mexicanos. July 2, 2007. Retrieved September 18, 2008.^{[dead link‍]}
106. "Alexander Balankin CV". Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (IPN). Archived from the original on October 5, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
107. UNESCO (July 5, 2007). "Australian Marine Park Authority and Mexican Ecologist Receive 2005 Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Protection". Retrieved June 2, 2008.
108. Acm sigmod. "SIGMOD Awards". Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved March 10, 2008.
109. Ball, Philip (August 16, 2007). "Achievement index climbs the ranks" (PDF). Nature. 448 (7155): 737. Bibcode:2007Natur.448..737B. doi:10.1038/448737a. PMID 17700666. S2CID 4430827. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 19, 2008. Retrieved July 8, 2008.
110. Rosas, Sergio Luis (April 23, 2008). "Recuerdos del Ayer" (in Spanish). El Siglo de Torreón. Retrieved July 8, 2008.

External links

• Official website