Tangipahoa

For the village in Louisiana, see Tangipahoa, Louisiana.

The Tangipahoa were a Native American tribe that lived just north of Lake Pontchartrain and between the Pearl River and the Mississippi River.

Etymology

The name Tangipahoa is derived from the Muskogean words (tonche pahoha) which translates to "corncob people" or "people of the corn" or "corncob".^[1] It is from this Native American tribe that the modern Tangipahoa Parish gets its name, as well as the Tangipahoa River and the village of Tangipahoa.

Population

Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville wrote that in the year 1650 the population of both the Acolapissa and Tangipahoa combined consisted of 250 families and around 150 men. However the research by James Mooney determined that a more accurate count was proposed by Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe when he found that the tribe population was around 1500 people.^[2]

Language

The Tangipahoa language was closely related to Choctaw and Chickasaw, which are both Muskogean languages.^[3]

History

On March 31, 1682 Henri de Tonti on a journey with René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle wrote that they camped at Maheoula, a Tangipahoa settlement.^[4] Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville claimed that the Tangipahoa settlement was an Acolapissa settlement and that they were of the same tribe. The Tangipahoa settlement was destroyed sometime in the 17th century. When La Salle reached the village he said he saw that it was burned and that there were bodies laying in the village. La Salle wrote that when he asked the Bayogoula tribe what had happened they claimed that the Tangipahoa village was destroyed by the Houma people.^[5] The remaining Tangipahoa tribe members are believed to have reunited with the Acolapissa and eventually merged with the Bayogoula and then the Houma.^[6][7][8]

References

1. Bulletin - Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1909. p. 2.
2. William M. Denevan (1 March 1992). The Native Population of the Americas in 1492. Univ of Wisconsin Press. pp. 264–. ISBN 978-0-299-13433-4.
3. William A. Read (12 October 2008). Louisiana Place Names of Indian Origin: A Collection of Words. University of Alabama Press. pp. 61–. ISBN 978-0-8173-5505-0.
4. Benjamin Franklin French (1875). Historical Collections of Louisiana and Florida: Including Translations of Original Manuscripts Relating to Their Discovery and Settlement, with Numerous Historical and Biographical Notes. A. Mason. pp. 23–.
5. Frederick Webb Hodge (1910). Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico: N-Z. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 685.
6. Joseph Norman Heard (1987). Handbook of the American Frontier: The southeastern woodlands. Scarecrow Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-8108-1931-3.
7. Native Languages of the Americas website. "Tangipahoa Indians". Native Languages of the Americas website. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
8. Native Languages of the Americas website. "ACOLAPISSA HISTORY". Jordan S. Dill. Retrieved 2018-04-24.

Further reading

• Swanton, John R. The Indians of the Southeastern United States as U.S. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 137 (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1946) p. 190