TRDMT1

tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TRDMT1 gene.^[5][6][7][8]

TRDMT1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1G55
Identifiers
Aliases	TRDMT1, DMNT2, DNMT2, MHSAIIP, PUMET, RNMT1, tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1
External IDs	OMIM: 602478; MGI: 1274787; HomoloGene: 3249; GeneCards: TRDMT1; OMA:TRDMT1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 10 (human)[1] Band 10p13 Start 17,137,336 bp[1] End 17,202,054 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse)[2] Band 2|2 A1 Start 13,513,825 bp[2] End 13,549,479 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in ventricular zone buccal mucosa cell Achilles tendon ganglionic eminence right uterine tube testicle epithelium of colon monocyte sural nerve gonad Top expressed in otic placode saccule otic vesicle atrioventricular valve spermatocyte granulocyte secondary oocyte zygote primitive streak primary oocyte More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function methyltransferase activity transferase activity tRNA methyltransferase activity RNA binding tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity Cellular component cytoplasm nucleus nucleoplasm Biological process response to amphetamine methylation tRNA methylation tRNA modification tRNA processing Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1787 13434 Ensembl ENSG00000107614 ENSMUSG00000026723 UniProt O14717 O55055 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_004412 NM_176081 NM_176083 NM_176084 NM_176085 NM_176086 NM_001321006 NM_001321007 NM_001351219 NM_001351220 NM_001351221 NM_001351222 NM_001351223 NM_010067 RefSeq (protein) NP_001307935 NP_001307936 NP_004403 NP_001338148 NP_001338149 NP_001338150 NP_001338151 NP_001338152 NP_034197 Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 17.14 – 17.2 Mb Chr 2: 13.51 – 13.55 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

CpG methylation is an epigenetic modification that is important for embryonic development, imprinting, and X-chromosome inactivation. Studies in mice have demonstrated that DNA methylation is required for mammalian development. This gene encodes a protein with similarity to DNA methyltransferases, but this protein does not display methyltransferase activity. The protein strongly binds DNA, suggesting that it may mark specific sequences in the genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.^[8]

It has been shown that human DNMT2 does not methylate DNA but instead methylates cytosine 38 in the anticodon loop of aspartic acid transfer RNA (tRNA(Asp)).^[9]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000107614 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026723 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Yoder JA, Bestor TH (Mar 1998). "A candidate mammalian DNA methyltransferase related to pmt1p of fission yeast". Hum Mol Genet. 7 (2): 279–84. doi:10.1093/hmg/7.2.279. PMID 9425235.
6. Vilain A, Apiou F, Dutrillaux B, Malfoy B (Nov 1998). "Assignment of candidate DNA methyltransferase gene (DNMT2) to human chromosome band 10p15.1 by in situ hybridization". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 82 (1–2): 120. doi:10.1159/000015083. PMID 9763678. S2CID 46803768.
7. Goll MG, Kirpekar F, Maggert KA, Yoder JA, Hsieh CL, Zhang X, Golic KG, Jacobsen SE, Bestor TH (Jan 2006). "Methylation of tRNAAsp by the DNA methyltransferase homolog Dnmt2". Science. 311 (5759): 395–8. Bibcode:2006Sci...311..395G. doi:10.1126/science.1120976. PMID 16424344. S2CID 39089541.
8. "Entrez Gene: TRDMT1 tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1".
9. Goll MG, Kirpekar F, Maggert KA, et al. (2006). "Methylation of tRNAAsp by the DNA methyltransferase homolog Dnmt2". Science. 311 (5759): 395–8. Bibcode:2006Sci...311..395G. doi:10.1126/science.1120976. PMID 16424344. S2CID 39089541.

Further reading

• Okano M, Xie S, Li E (1998). "Dnmt2 is not required for de novo and maintenance methylation of viral DNA in embryonic stem cells". Nucleic Acids Res. 26 (11): 2536–40. doi:10.1093/nar/26.11.2536. PMC 147598. PMID 9592134.
• Van den Wyngaert I, Sprengel J, Kass SU, Luyten WH (1998). "Cloning and analysis of a novel human putative DNA methyltransferase". FEBS Lett. 426 (2): 283–9. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00362-7. PMID 9599025. S2CID 7887099.
• Dong A, Yoder JA, Zhang X, et al. (2001). "Structure of human DNMT2, an enigmatic DNA methyltransferase homolog that displays denaturant-resistant binding to DNA". Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (2): 439–48. doi:10.1093/nar/29.2.439. PMC 29660. PMID 11139614.
• Franchina M, Hooper J, Kay PH (2001). "Five novel alternatively spliced transcripts of DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase 2 in human peripheral blood leukocytes". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 33 (11): 1104–15. doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(01)00074-7. PMID 11551826.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Hermann A, Schmitt S, Jeltsch A (2003). "The human Dnmt2 has residual DNA-(cytosine-C5) methyltransferase activity". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (34): 31717–21. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305448200. PMID 12794065.
• Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, et al. (2004). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10". Nature. 429 (6990): 375–81. Bibcode:2004Natur.429..375D. doi:10.1038/nature02462. PMID 15164054.
• Xiong Y, Dowdy SC, Xue A, et al. (2005). "Opposite alterations of DNA methyltransferase gene expression in endometrioid and serous endometrial cancers". Gynecol. Oncol. 96 (3): 601–9. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.11.047. PMID 15721400.
• Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, et al. (2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell. 122 (6): 957–68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8592-0. PMID 16169070. S2CID 8235923.
• Pang ST, Weng WH, Flores-Morales A, et al. (2006). "Cytogenetic and expression profiles associated with transformation to androgen-resistant prostate cancer". Prostate. 66 (2): 157–72. doi:10.1002/pros.20328. PMID 16173030. S2CID 26023143.