Syrian Republic

Four states in the region of Syria have borne the name Syrian Republic, Republic of Syria, or Syrian Arab Republic:

The flag of the First Syrian Republic, later used by the Second Syrian Republic. The Syrian transitional government also uses this, but uses a 2:3 ratio rather than a 1:2.

• First Syrian Republic, 1930–1950:
  • Mandatory Syrian Republic, 1930–1946: Formed as a component of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, succeeding the State of Syria.^[1][2] A treaty of independence was made in 1936 to grant independence to Syria and end official French rule, but the French parliament refused to accept the agreement. From 1940 to 1941, the Syrian Republic was under the control of Vichy France, and after the Allied invasion in 1941 gradually went on the path towards independence. The proclamation of independence took place in 1944, but only in October 1945 Syrian Republic was de jure recognized by the United Nations; it became a de facto sovereign state on 17 April 1946, with the withdrawal of French troops.^{[citation needed]}
  • Independent First Syrian Republic, 1946–1950: Recognized as a sovereign state in 1945 and becoming de facto independent in April 1946 from the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon.
• Second Syrian Republic, 1950–1963:
  • 1950–1958: Beginning with the Syrian Constitution of 1950.
  • 1958–1961: Syria joined with the Republic of Egypt in forming the United Arab Republic.
  • 1961–1963: Syria withdrew from the union in 1961 and adopted the name Syrian Arab Republic.
• Ba'athist Syria, 1963–2024: The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region came to power in a coup d'état, which laid the foundations for the political structure in Syria for the next decades.^[3][4]
• Syria under the Syrian transitional government (2024–present) has retained the official name Syrian Arab Republic.^[5] Unofficialy has been called the Third Syrian Republic.

References

1. Youssef Takla, "Corpus juris du Mandat français", in: Méouchy, Nadine; Sluglet, Peter, eds. (2004). The British and French Mandates in Comparative Perspectives (in French). Brill. p. 91. ISBN 978-90-04-13313-6. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
2. The 1930 Constitution is integrally reproduced in: Giannini, A. (1931). "Le costituzioni degli stati del vicino oriente" (in French). Istituto per l’Oriente. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
3. "Background Note: Syria". United States Department of State, Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, May 2007.
4. "Syria § Baʿathist Syria after 1963". Britannica Online Encyclopedia.
5. "Prime Minister of the Syrian Arab Republic". Syrian transitional government. Retrieved 11 December 2024.