Symphonia globulifera

Symphonia globulifera, commonly known as boarwood,^[1] is a timber tree abundant in Central America, the Caribbean, South America and Africa. This plant is also used as a medicinal plant and ornamental plant.

Symphonia globulifera
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Clusiaceae
Genus:	Symphonia
Species:	S. globulifera
Binomial name
Symphonia globulifera L.f.
Synonyms
Symphonia gabonensis (Vesque) Pierre Symphonia microphyllaR.E. Schult. Symphonia utilissimaR.E. Schult. Moronobea coccinea Aubl. Moronobea globulifera (L.f) Schltdl. Sources:[2][3][4][5]

Common names

Common trade names of the wood of the Symphonia globulifera are: chewstick, chestick, manni, manil, azufre, and Árbol de Leche Maria.

Distribution

Symphonia globulifera is abundant in the Americas (from Mexico and the Caribbean south to Ecuador) and Africa (from Liberia east to Uganda and south to Angola).^[1]

Population genetics

S. globulifera is highly structured across Mesoamerica and the Caribbean, while the eastern foothills of the Andes show little diversity.^[6]

See also

• List of plants of Amazon Rainforest vegetation of Brazil

References

1. Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Symphonia globulifera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T63072A149040413. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T63072A149040413.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
2. "Symphonia globulifera L.f. record n° 8167". African Plants Database. South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Tela Botanica. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
3. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (1987-02-20). "Taxon: Symphonia globulifera L. f." Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
4. "Symphonia globulifera L. f." Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
5. "Symphonia globulifera L.f." Classificação segundo a Flora brasiliensis. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
6. Pennington, R. Toby; Lavin, Matt; Oliveira-Filho, Ary (2009). "Woody Plant Diversity, Evolution, and Ecology in the Tropics: Perspectives from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 40 (1). Annual Reviews: 437–457. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120327. ISSN 1543-592X.

External links

• "Symphonia globulifera". La Selva Digital Flora. Estación Biológica La Selva. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
• "Symphonia globulifera Linn. f." Linnean herbarium (S-LINN). Swedish Museum of Natural History. 2002-04-23. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
• FOURNIER, L.A. "Symphonia globulifera". Species Descriptions. Universidad de Costa Rica. Archived from the original on January 16, 2009. Retrieved 2008-05-12.