Supriyadi

This article is about the Indonesian national hero. For the footballer, see Supriyadi (footballer).

Fransiskus Xaverius Soeprijadi,^[1] also known as Supriyadi or Soeprijadi (born 13 April 1923 – disappeared 14 February 1945, declared dead 9 August 1975), was an Indonesian national hero who rebelled against the occupying Japanese in 1945.

Supriyadi
Portrait of Supriyadi, c. 1940
1st Minister of People's Security
Office never taken
In office 19 August 1945 – 20 October 1945
President	Sukarno
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Suliyoadikusumo (acting) Amir Sjarifuddin
Commander of the People's Security Forces
Office never taken
In office 5 October 1945 – 12 November 1945
President	Sukarno
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Lt. Gen. Sudirman
Personal details
Born	(1923-04-13)13 April 1923 Trenggalek, Oost-Java, Dutch East Indies
Disappeared	14 February 1945 (aged 21) Blitar, Japanese East Indies
Status	Declared dead in absentia 9 August 1975(1975-08-09) (aged 52)
Military service
Allegiance	Empire of Japan Indonesia
Branch/service	Defenders of the Homeland
Years of service	1943–1945
Rank	Platoon commander
Commands	PETA platoon, Blitar Indonesian Armed Forces (formally; never taken)
Battles/wars	World War II Blitar PETA revolt
Awards	National Hero of Indonesia (posthumous, 1975)

Early life

In this 1945 newspaper report, Minister of Defense (Menteri Pertahanan) is listed as "not yet appointed" (beloem diangkat). This is due to uncertainties about Supriyadi's fate.

Supriyadi was born in Trenggalek on 13 April 1923. He attended junior high school, then a training school for civil service in Magelang. However, the Japanese invaded Indonesia before he graduated. He then switched to high school and underwent youth training (Seimendoyo) in Tangerang, West Java.^[2]

Involvement with PETA

In October 1943, the Japanese established a militia, PETA (Indonesian: Pembela Tanah Air, lit. 'Defenders of the Homeland') to assist Japanese forces against the Allies. Supriyadi joined PETA, and after training was posted to Blitar. He was tasked with overseeing the work of the Romusha forced laborers. The plight of these workers inspired him to rebel against the Japanese. When Supriyadi joined PETA, he was given the rank of shodancho or platoon commander.

The Blitar rebellion

Main article: 1945 PETA revolt in Blitar

When nationalist leader Sukarno visited his parents in Blitar, PETA officers told him that they had begun to plan a rebellion and asked for Sukarno's opinion. He told them to consider the consequences, but Supriyadi, leader of the rebels, was convinced the uprising would succeed.

In the early hours of 14 February 1945, rebels attacked Japanese troops, causing heavy casualties. However, the Japanese defeated the rebellion and put the ringleaders on trial. Six (or eight^[3]) people were sentenced to death and the rest were given jail sentences ranging from three years to life. However, Supriyadi reportedly was not executed. Some said Supriyadi escaped and hid from the Japanese.^[2][4] He was not seen again after the failure of the rebellion.^[5]

Disappearance

On 19 August 1945, in a government decree issued by the newly independent Indonesia, Supriyadi was named Minister for Public Security in the Presidential Cabinet. However, he failed to appear, and was replaced on 20 October by acting minister Muhammad Suliyoadikusumo. To this day his fate remains unknown.^[2][6]

Numerous sightings before his disappearance had been reported. Ronomejo a kamituwo of Ngliman village in Nganjuk reportedly accompanied Supriyadi to his hiding place in a cave near Sedudo waterfall. However, when Supriyadi's father, Damardi visited the place he already left. According to M. Nakajima, director of Taisei International Corporation, Supriyadi and his two companions stayed for a day in his place in Salatiga around February and March 1945, but then left before Kenpeitai from Semarang arrived.^[7]

If he was alive during his appointment and took the office, he would have been aged 22 and became the youngest ever minister in the nation's history. He was officially bestowed the title of National Hero on 9 August 1975, thus legally declaring him dead as the title is only given posthumously.

See also

• List of people who disappeared

References

1. Wijayanti, Ari; Agustin, Hetty Dwi (2021). Ensiklopedi Pahlawan Indonesia [Indonesian Heroes Encyclopedia] (in Indonesian). Translated by Agustin, Hetty Dwi. Malang: AhliMedia Press. ISBN 9786239463083.
2. Sudarmanto (1996), pp. 231-232
3. Ricklefs (1982) p 196
4. Mutiara (1999), p 90
5. Cribb (2008), p 93
6. Simanjuntak (2003), p18
7. Setiawan, Andri (2019-10-23). "Menteri Pertahanan yang Hilang". Historia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-02-13.

Bibliography

• Album Pahlawan Bangsa [Album of National Heroes]. Jakarta: Mutiara Sumber Widya. 1999.
• M. C. Ricklefs (1982). A History of Modern Indonesia. Macmillan Southeast Asian reprint. ISBN 0-333-24380-3.
• P. N. H. Simanjuntak (2003). Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi [Cabinets of the Republic of Indonesia: From the Start of Independence to the Reform Era]. Jakarta: Djambatan. ISBN 9789794284995.
• Sudarmanto, Y.B. (1996). Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan dari Sultan Agung hingga Syekh Yusuf [The Footsteps of Heroes from Sultan Agung to Syekh Yusuf]. Jakarta: Grasindo. ISBN 979-553-111-5.
• Mr.Soediharjo (1970). Riwajat Pahlawan Indonesia [Biography of Indonesian Heroes]. Medan.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Cribb, Robert (2008). Gangsters and Revolutionaries: The Jakarta People's Militia and the Indonesian Revolution, 1945-1949. Equinox. ISBN 9789793780719.