Sulfur tetrachloride
Chemical compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sulfur tetrachloride is an inorganic compound with chemical formula SCl4. It has only been obtained as an unstable pale yellow solid. The corresponding SF4 is a stable, useful reagent.
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Sulfur(IV) chloride | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.149.178 |
PubChem CID |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| SCl4 | |
| Molar mass | 173.87 |
| Appearance | White powder |
| Melting point | −31 °C (−24 °F; 242 K) |
| Boiling point | −20 °C (−4 °F; 253 K) (decomposes) |
| soluble in water | |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
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| Danger | |
| H314, H400 | |
| P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P391, P405, P501 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Preparation and structure
It is obtained by treating sulfur dichloride with chlorine at 193 K:
- SCl2 + Cl2 → SCl4
It melts with simultaneous decomposition above −20 °C.[1]
Its solid structure is uncertain. It is probably the salt SCl3+Cl−, since related salts are known with noncoordinating anions.[2][3] In contrast to this tetrachloride, SF4 is a neutral molecule.[4]
Reactions
It decomposes above −30 °C (242 K) to sulfur dichloride and chlorine.
- SCl4 → SCl2 + Cl2
It hydrolyzes readily:
- SCl4 + H2O → SOCl2 + 2 HCl
Sulfur tetrachloride reacts with water, producing hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide through the hydrolysis process. Thionyl chloride is an implied intermediate.[5]
- SCl4 + 2 H2O → SO2 + 4 HCl
It can be oxidized by nitric acid:
- SCl4 + 2 HNO3 + 2 H2O → H2SO4 + 2 NO2↑ + 4 HCl
References
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