Stuart Sutherland

(Norman) Stuart Sutherland (26 March 1927 – 8 November 1998) was a British psychologist and writer.^[2][3]

Stuart Sutherland
Born	Norman Stuart Sutherland (1927-03-26)26 March 1927
Died	8 November 1998(1998-11-08) (aged 71)
Education	King Edward's School, Birmingham
Alma mater	University of Oxford (BA, DPhil)
Spouse	Jose Louise Fogden (married 1956)
Children	2
Scientific career
Institutions	University of Sussex
Thesis	Visual shape discrimination in animals with special reference to actapus vulgaris lamarck (1957)
Academic advisors	John Zachary Young
Doctoral students	Nicholas Mackintosh[1]

Education

Sutherland was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, before going to Magdalen College, Oxford, where he read Psychology, Philosophy and Physiology. He stayed at University of Oxford for his PhD^[4] which was awarded in 1957 for research supervised by John Zachary Young. ^{[citation needed]}

Career and research

Sutherland held a lecturing post at Oxford from 1960, and was elected a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford in March 1963,^[5] before moving the following year to the recently opened University of Sussex as the founding Professor and head of its Laboratory of Experimental Psychology; with the young colleagues he appointed, he rapidly built an international reputation for Sussex in this field.

Among psychologists, Sutherland is best known for his theoretical and empirical work in comparative psychology, particularly in relation to visual pattern recognition and discrimination learning. In the 1950s and 1960s he carried out numerous experiments on rats but also on other species such as octopus; the two-factor theory of discrimination learning that he developed with Nicholas Mackintosh was an important step in the rehabilitation of a cognitive approach to animal learning after the dominance of strict behaviourism in the first half of the twentieth century. He was also interested in human perception and cognition, and in 1992 he published Irrationality: The enemy within,^[6] a lay reader's guide to the psychology of cognitive biases and common failures of human judgement.

Among a wider public, Sutherland is most famous for his 1976 autobiography Breakdown, detailing his struggles with manic depression. A second edition of Breakdown was published in 1995. Stuart Sutherland died from a heart attack in November 1998.

Bibliography

(incomplete; excludes journal articles, of which Sutherland published many)

• The methods and findings of experiments on the visual discrimination of shape by animals, 1961 ^{[ISBN missing]}
• Animal discrimination learning, 1969 (Edited, with R. M. Gilbert)^{[ISBN missing]}
• Mechanisms of animal discrimination learning, 1971 (with Nicholas Mackintosh)^{[ISBN missing]}
• Breakdown, 1976, second edition published 1995 ISBN 0-19-852380-7, reissued by Pinter & Martin 2010, ISBN 978-1-905177-20-2
• Prestel and the user: a survey of psychological and ergonomic research, 1980.^{[ISBN missing]}
• The psychology of vision, 1980 (Edited, with Christopher Longuet-Higgins)^{[ISBN missing]}
• Discovering the human mind, 1983.^{[ISBN missing]}
• Men change too, 1987^[7]
• Macmillan Dictionary of Psychology. 1990.^{[ISBN missing]} Also published as The International Dictionary of Psychology. 2nd ed. New York: Crossroad, 1995. ISBN 0-8245-2509-4.
• Irrationality^[6]

References

1. Mackintosh, Nicholas John (1963). Discrimination learning in animals. bodleian.ox.ac.uk (DPhil thesis). University of Oxford. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.710358.
2. Biography of Sutherland on the University of Sussex website
3. Pinter & Martin publishers of Irrationality and Breakdown
4. Sutherland, Norman Stuart (1957). Visual shape discrimination in animals with special reference to actapus vulgaris lamarck. bodleian.ox.ac.uk (DPhil thesis). University of Oxford. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.671962.
5. Levens, R.G.C., ed. (1964). Merton College Register 1900-1964. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. p. 537.
6. Irrationality (1992), reissued by Pinter & Martin 2007, ISBN 978-1-905177-07-3
7. Men change too (1987) ^{[ISBN missing]}