Streptomycetaceae

Streptomycetaceae is a family of the class Actinomycetota, making up the monotypic order Streptomycetales. It includes the important genus Streptomyces. This was the original source of many antibiotics, namely streptomycin, the first antibiotic against tuberculosis.

Streptomycetaceae
Slide culture of a Streptomyces species
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Actinomycetota
Class:	Actinomycetia
Order:	Streptomycetales Cavalier-Smith 2002[1]
Family:	Streptomycetaceae Waksman and Henrici 1943 (Approved Lists 1980)[2]
Genera[3]
See text
Synonyms
"Actinosporangiaceae" Couch 1955 Allostreptomycetaceae Salam et al. 2020

Genomics

Sequence alignments of actinomycetotal genomes have led to the identification of three conserved signature indels which are unique to the order Streptomycetales. The enzyme PBGD contains a four-amino-acid insertion which is present in all Streptomyces species and Kitasatospora setae, but not any other Actinomycetota. Similarly, a one- amino-acid insertion is present in a conserved region of adenylate kinase and is found in all Streptomyces species and K. setae, but is not found in any other Actinomycetota. Five conserved signature proteins have also been identified which are present in various sequenced Streptomyces species, but not in K. setae; however, as the complete genome of K. setae has not yet been sequenced, these proteins may be present in K. setae. Additionally, 11 conserved signature proteins have been identified which are found in all sequenced Streptomyces species and K. setae. These proteins are believed to be unique to the Streptomycetales order, thus provide molecular markers which can be used to distinguish this group from the rest of the Actinomycetota. Phylogenetic trees indicate that the order Catenulisporales is closely related to the order Streptomycetales. This inference is supported by a one-amino-acid conserved signature indel which is uniquely found in all Streptomycetales species and Catenulisporales acidiphilia, the only Catenulisporales species whose complete genome has been sequenced. Additionally, three conserved signature proteins have been identified which are found in all Streptomycetales species and C. acidiphilia. Both the conserved signature indel and the conserved signature proteins provide evidence that the orders Streptomycetales and Catenulisporales are closely related.^[4]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)^[3] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)^[5]

Whole-genome analysis[6][a]	16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023[7][8][9]	120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[10][11][12]
Catenulisporales Catenulisporaceae Streptomycetales Carbonactinosporaceae Carbonactinospora thermoautotrophica Streptomycetaceae Embleya Phaeacidiphilus Streptacidiphilus Kitasatospora Wenjunlia vitaminophila Streptomyces	Catenulisporales Motilibacterales Vallicoccaceae Motilibacteraceae Streptomycetales Allostreptomyces Streptomyces burgazadensis Saricaoglu et al. 2014 Yinghuangia soli Embleya Yinghuangia Streptomyces [incl. Kitasatospora; Mangrovactinospora; Peterkaempfera; Phaeacidiphilus; Streptacidiphilus; Wenjunlia; Actinacidiphila; Streptantibioticus] Streptomycetaceae	Catenulisporales Catenulisporaceae Streptomycetales Carbonactinosporaceae Carbonactinospora thermoautotrophica (Gadkari et al. 1991) Volpiano et al. 2021 Streptomycetaceae Embleya Nouioui et al. 2018 Yinghuangia Nouioui et al. 2018 Allostreptomyces Huang et al. 2017 Mangrovactinospora Madhaiyan et al. 2022 Phaeacidiphilus Madhaiyan et al. 2022 Streptacidiphilus Kim et al. 2003 Peterkaempfera Madhaiyan et al. 2022 Kitasatospora corrig. Ōmura et al. 1983 Wenjunlia Madhaiyan et al. 2022 Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943 [inc. Actinacidiphila Madhaiyan et al. 2022; Streptantibioticus Madhaiyan et al. 2022]

Genera incertae sedis:

• "Marinispora" Kwon et al. 2006
• "Parastreptomyces" Nichols et al. 2005
• "Trichotomospora" Lian, Liu & Zhang 1985
• "Verticillomyces Shinobu 1965

See also

• List of bacterial orders
• List of bacteria genera

Notes

1. Allostreptomyces is not included in this phylogenetic tree.

References

1. Cavalier-Smith T. (2002). "The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 52 (Pt 1): 7–76. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-1-7. PMID 11837318.
2. Waksman SA, Henrici AT (1943). "The Nomenclature and Classification of the Actinomycetes". J Bacteriol. 46 (4): 337–341. doi:10.1128/jb.46.4.337-341.1943. PMC 373826. PMID 16560709. S2CID 8824754.
3. A.C. Parte; et al. "Streptomycetaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2023-09-09.
4. Gao, B.; Gupta, R. S. (2012). "Phylogenetic Framework and Molecular Signatures for the Main Clades of the Phylum Actinobacteria". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 76 (1): 66–112. doi:10.1128/MMBR.05011-11. PMC 3294427. PMID 22390973.
5. Sayers; et al. "Streptomycetaceae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
6. Nouioui I, Carro L, García-López M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Markus Göker M (2018). "Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria". Front. Microbiol. 9: 2007. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007. PMC 6113628. PMID 30186281.
7. "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
8. "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
9. "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
10. "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
11. "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
12. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

External links

Data related to Streptomycetaceae at Wikispecies