Spectrin repeat

Spectrin repeats^[2] are found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure. These include spectrin, alpha-actinin, dystrophin and more recently the plakin family. The spectrin repeat forms a three-helix bundle. These conform to the rules of the heptad repeat. Spectrin repeats give rise to linear proteins. This however may be due to sample bias in which linear and rigid structures are more amenable to crystallization. There are hints however, that some proteins harbouring spectrin repeats may also be flexible. This is most likely due to specifically evolved functional purposes.

Spectrin repeat
Structure of the spectrin repeat: a left-handed antiparallel triple-helical coiled-coil.[1]
Identifiers
Symbol	Spectrin
Pfam	PF00435
Pfam clan	CL0743
ECOD	604.1.1
InterPro	IPR002017
PROSITE	PDOC50083
SCOP2	1aj3 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
CDD	cd00176
Available protein structures: Pfam   structures / ECOD   PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

Human proteins containing this domain

ACTN1; ACTN2; ACTN3; ACTN4; AKAP6; SYNE3; CATX-15; DMD; DRP2; DST; KALRN; MACF1; MCF2L; SPTA1; SPTAN1; SPTB; SPTBN1; SPTBN2; SPTBN4; SPTBN5; SYNE1; SYNE2; TRIO; UTRN;

References

1. Pascual J, Pfuhl M, Walther D, Saraste M, Nilges M (October 1997). "Solution structure of the spectrin repeat: a left-handed antiparallel triple-helical coiled-coil". J. Mol. Biol. 273 (3): 740–51. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1344. PMID 9356261.
2. Harrison SC, Yan Y, Winograd E, Viel A, Cronin T, Branton D (1993). "Crystal structure of the repetitive segments of spectrin". Science. 262 (5142): 2027–2030. doi:10.1126/science.8266097. PMID 8266097.

• Jefferson, JJ; Ciatto, C; Shapiro, L; Liem, RK (2007). "Structural analysis of the plakin domain of bullous pemphigoid antigen1 (BPAG1) suggests that plakins are members of the spectrin superfamily". Journal of Molecular Biology. 366 (1): 244–57. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.11.036. PMC 1850962. PMID 17161423.
• Grum, VL; Li, D; MacDonald, RI; Mondragón, A (1999). "Structures of two repeats of spectrin suggest models of flexibility". Cell. 98 (4): 523–35. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81980-7. PMID 10481916. S2CID 1710820.

Further reading

• Djinovic-Carugo K, Gautel M, Ylänne J, Young P (February 2002). "The spectrin repeat: a structural platform for cytoskeletal protein assemblies". FEBS Lett. 513 (1): 119–23. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03304-X. PMID 11911890. S2CID 10581541.
• Pascual J, Castresana J, Saraste M (September 1997). "Evolution of the spectrin repeat". BioEssays. 19 (9): 811–7. doi:10.1002/bies.950190911. PMID 9297972. S2CID 42145758.
• Al-Jassar, C; Knowles, T; Jeeves, M; Kami, K; Behr, E; Bikker, H; Overduin, M; Chidgey, M (Jul 2, 2011). "The Nonlinear Structure of the Desmoplakin Plakin Domain and the Effects of Cardiomyopathy-Linked Mutations". Journal of Molecular Biology. 411 (5): 1049–61. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2011.06.047. PMID 21756917.