South African Class Experimental 6 4-8-0

The South African Railways Class Experimental 6 4-8-0 of 1906 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.

CGR 10th Class 4-8-0 South African Class Experimental 6 4-8-0
CGR 10th Class no. 880, c. 1906
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Cape Government Railways (H.M. Beatty) Builder Kitson and Company Serial number 4375 Model CGR 10th Class Build date 1906 Total produced 1
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-8-0 (Mastodon)  • UIC 2'Dn2 Driver 2nd coupled axle Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge Leading dia. 28+1⁄2 in (724 mm) Coupled dia. 48 in (1,219 mm) Tender wheels 33+1⁄2 in (851 mm) as built 34 in (864 mm) retyred Wheelbase 49 ft 2+1⁄2 in (14,999 mm) ​  • Engine 23 ft 4 in (7,112 mm)  • Leading 6 ft (1,829 mm)  • Coupled 13 ft 6 in (4,115 mm)  • Tender 16 ft 1 in (4,902 mm)  • Tender bogie 4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm) Length: ​  • Over couplers 56 ft 6+5⁄8 in (17,237 mm) Height 12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm) Axle load 13 LT 1 cwt (13,260 kg) ​  • Leading 13 LT 14 cwt (13,920 kg)  • 1st coupled 11 LT 19 cwt (12,140 kg)  • 2nd coupled 13 LT 1 cwt (13,260 kg)  • 3rd coupled 12 LT 4 cwt (12,400 kg)  • 4th coupled 12 LT 6 cwt (12,500 kg)  • Tender bogie Bogie 1: 20 LT 8 cwt (20,730 kg) Bogie 2: 21 LT 16 cwt (22,150 kg)  • Tender axle 10 LT 18 cwt (11,070 kg) Adhesive weight 49 LT 10 cwt (50,290 kg) Loco weight 63 LT 4 cwt (64,210 kg) Tender weight 42 LT 4 cwt (42,880 kg) Total weight 105 LT 8 cwt (107,100 kg) Tender type XF2 (2-axle bogies) Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 10 LT (10.2 t) Water cap. 3,000 imp gal (13,600 L) Firebox: ​  • Type Round-top & combustion chamber  • Grate area 31.2 sq ft (2.90 m2) Boiler: ​  • Pitch 7 ft 5 in (2,261 mm)  • Diameter 5 ft (1,524 mm)  • Tube plates 11 ft 4 in (3,454 mm)  • Small tubes 215: 2 in (51 mm) Boiler pressure 180 psi (1,241 kPa) Safety valve Ramsbottom Heating surface: ​  • Firebox 123.7 sq ft (11.49 m2)  • Tubes 1,274.6 sq ft (118.41 m2)  • Total surface 1,398.3 sq ft (129.91 m2) Cylinders Two Cylinder size 20 in (508 mm) bore 24 in (610 mm) stroke Valve gear Stephenson Valve type Murdoch's D slide Couplers Johnston link-and-pin AAR knuckle (1930s)
Performance figures Tractive effort 27,010 lbf (120.1 kN) @ 75%
Career Operators Cape Government Railways South African Railways Class CGR 10th Class SAR Class Experimental 6 Number in class 1 Numbers CGR 880, SAR 1244 Delivered 1906 First run 1906 Withdrawn 1938
The leading coupled axle had flangeless wheels

In 1906, the Cape Government Railways placed a single experimental 10th Class steam locomotive with a 4-8-0 Mastodon type wheel arrangement in service on its Eastern System. In 1912, when this locomotive was assimilated into the South African Railways, it was renumbered and designated Class Experimental 6.^[1][2][3][4]

Manufacturer

The Cape 10th Class steam locomotive was designed by H.M. Beatty, the Locomotive Superintendent of the Cape Government Railways (CGR) from 1896 to 1910. The designs were prepared at the Salt River shops of the CGR in Cape Town and represented a further effort on Beatty's part to improve the steaming efficiency of his 8th Class of 1904. The 10th Class was, in most respects, a larger and more powerful version of the 8th Class, which it was meant to eventually replace on the Eastern System. In 1906, only one locomotive with a Type XF2 tender was delivered by Kitson and Company, numbered 880.^[1][2][3][4]

Characteristics

With this locomotive, as with the 9th Class Mikado which had been delivered by the same manufacturer earlier in that same year, Beatty overcame his aversion to boiler centre lines which exceeded twice the Cape gauge track width of 3 feet 6 inches (1,067 millimetres) above the railhead. The boiler pitch of the Cape 10th Class was at 7 feet 5 inches (2,261 millimetres).^[1]

H.M. Beatty

In the designs of the two Cape 9th Class Mikado types, later the Classes Experimental 4 and Experimental 5, Beatty had achieved improved steaming efficiency by extending the locomotive frames with a bridle casting, such as the one he had designed for the CGR 6th Class 2-6-4 in 1901, to accommodate deep and wide fireboxes.^[1][2][4]

With the 10th Class, on the other hand, he obtained a wide firebox by spreading the grate over the rear coupled wheels, hence the requirement to raise the boiler pitch. The front portion of the firebox formed a combustion chamber, which reduced spark throwing and thereby reduced wear on the tube ends. The inside of the firebox was of copper and the plates were 5⁄8 inch (16 millimetres) thick throughout, except for the tube plate, which was 1 inch (25 millimetres) thick at the tube ends. This firebox design was uncomplicated and allowed for liberal water spaces. The result was a firebox which was virtually a copy of the one which was used on the Hendrie B locomotive which had been placed in service on the Natal Government Railways (NGR) in 1904.^[1][2][4]

The locomotive used saturated steam and had flat "D" type slide valves, placed above the cylinders and operated by Stephenson Link valve gear through rocker shafts. The leading wheels were mounted in a spring control bogie which was designed to overcome the problems of excessive flange wear on the coupled wheels and rail cutting on curves.^[2]

Service

Cape Government Railways

The locomotive was placed in service on the Eastern System, working on the mainline out of East London. It proved to be very successful in service and was able to handle loads of 280 long tons (284 tonnes) up the steep 1 in 40 (2½%) gradient of the mainline, which began right at the end of the departure platform at East London station at the time. This compared favourably to the 240 long tons (244 tonnes) which the 8th Class could manage.^[1][4]

Despite its good performance, the design was never repeated since some trouble was experienced with the firebox which, although wide, had to be shallow to be carried over the intermediate and trailing coupled wheels. Instead, Beatty decided that more powerful locomotives could be designed by using the wide and deep firebox which he had used in his Karoo Class locomotives and the Cape 10th Class therefore remained one of a kind.^[1][2]

South African Railways

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, NGR and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.^[3][5]

In 1912, the Cape 10th Class was designated Class Experimental 6 and renumbered to 1244 on the South African Railways. It was withdrawn from service in 1938.^[3][4][6]

References

1. Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 1: 1859–1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. p. 72-74. ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
2. Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter II - The Cape Government Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, March 1944. pp. 169-173.
3. Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer’s Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 9, 12, 15, 43 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)
4. Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. p. 83. ISBN 0869772112.
5. The South African Railways - Historical Survey. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, p. 25.
6. Holland, D. F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.