Sodium pyruvate

Sodium pyruvate is a salt of the conjugate anion form of pyruvic acid, known as pyruvate. It is commonly added to cell culture media as an additional source of energy, but may also have protective effects against hydrogen peroxide. This was reported by Giandomenico et al.^[1] and has been confirmed by several independent groups.

Sodium pyruvate

Ball-and-stick model of the pyruvate anion The sodium cation
Names
Preferred IUPAC name Sodium 2-oxopropanoate
Other names α-Ketopropionic acid sodium salt 2-Oxopropanoic acid sodium salt Pyruvic acid sodium salt
Identifiers
CAS Number	113-24-6 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:50144 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL181886 Y
ChemSpider	7931 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.659
PubChem CID	23662274
UNII	POD38AIF08 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6040614
InChI InChI=1S/C3H4O3.Na/c1-2(4)3(5)6;/h1H3,(H,5,6);/q;+1/p-1 Y Key: DAEPDZWVDSPTHF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y InChI=1/C3H4O3.Na/c1-2(4)3(5)6;/h1H3,(H,5,6);/q;+1/p-1 Key: DAEPDZWVDSPTHF-REWHXWOFAL
SMILES [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C(=O)C
Properties
Chemical formula	C3H3NaO3
Molar mass	110.044 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Due to pyruvate being an intermediate in many pathways for metabolism including glycolysis, sodium pyruvate has been used in many experiments involving cell cultures to provide more energy. In adipocytes it was found that sodium pyruvate promoted increased uptake of insulin-mediated glucose.^[2] In the body, one way in which sodium pyruvate provides energy to cells is through pyruvate conversion to acetyl-CoA which then can enter the TCA cycle which produces energy and is linked to other energy producing processes.^[2]

Along with having antioxidant properties and energy producing effects, sodium pyruvate has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and is used in several studies on brain injury because of these characteristics.^[3][4]

References

1. Giandomenico AR, Cerniglia GE, Biaglow JE, Stevens CW, Koch CJ (1997). "The importance of sodium pyruvate in assessing damage produced by hydrogen peroxide". Free Radic Biol Med. 23 (3): 426–34. doi:10.1016/S0891-5849(97)00113-5. PMID 9214579.
2. Pandit B, Sarkar A, Sinha B (2016). "Solution thermodynamics of sodium pyruvate in aqueous glycine solutions at T 298.15-313.15 K". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 81 (11): 1283–1294. doi:10.2298/jsc151031034p. ISSN 0352-5139.
3. Hwang JS, Kim SY, Jung EH, Kwon MY, Kim KH, Cho H, Han IO (2015-11-19). "Exogenous Sodium Pyruvate Stimulates Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 117 (1): 39–48. doi:10.1002/jcb.25244. ISSN 0730-2312. PMID 26053972. S2CID 5100370.
4. Fukushima M, Lee SM, Moro N, Hovda DA, Sutton RL (July 2009). "Metabolic and Histologic Effects of Sodium Pyruvate Treatment in the Rat after Cortical Contusion Injury". Journal of Neurotrauma. 26 (7): 1095–1110. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0771. ISSN 0897-7151. PMC 2848946. PMID 19594384.