Circaetus

Circaetus, the snake eagles, is a genus of medium-sized eagles in the bird of prey family Accipitridae. They are mainly resident African species, but the migratory short-toed snake eagle breeds from the Mediterranean basin into Russia, the Middle East and India, and winters in sub-Saharan Africa and east to Indonesia.

Circaetus
Short-toed snake eagle (Circaetus gallicus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Accipitriformes
Family:	Accipitridae
Subfamily:	Circaetinae
Genus:	Circaetus Vieillot, 1816
Type species
Falco gallicus Gmelin, 1788

Snake eagles are found in open habitats like cultivated plains arid savanna, but require trees in which to build a stick nest. The single egg is incubated mainly or entirely by the female.

Circaetus eagles have a rounded head and broad wings. They prey on reptiles, mainly snakes, but also take lizards and occasionally small mammals.

Taxonomy and species

The genus Circaetus was introduced in 1816 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot to accommodate a single species, the short-toed snake eagle, which is therefore considered the type species.^[1][2] The genus name is from the Ancient Greek kirkos, a type of hawk, and aetos, "eagle".^[3] The genus contains six species.^[4]

Genus Circaetus – Vieillot, 1816 – six species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Short-toed snake eagle	Circaetus gallicus (Gmelin, JF, 1788) Two subspecies C. g. gallicus - (Gmelin, JF, 1788) C. g. sacerdotis - Ng, N, Christidis, Olsen, Norman & Rheindt, 2017	Mediterranean basin, into Russia and the Middle East, and parts of Asia	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Black-chested snake eagle	Circaetus pectoralis A. Smith, 1829	southern Africa from Ethiopia and Sudan in the north to South Africa in the south and Angola in the southwest	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Beaudouin's snake eagle	Circaetus beaudouini Verreaux & Des Murs, 1862	Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Gambia through southern Mali and Burkina Faso, Niger, northern Nigeria and Cameroon, southern Chad, Central African Republic and South Sudan.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Brown snake eagle	Circaetus cinereus Vieillot, 1818	West, East and southern Africa	Size: Habitat: Diet:	VU
Southern banded snake eagle or fasciated snake eagle	Circaetus fasciolatus Kaup, 1847	eastern Sub-Saharan Africa.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Western banded snake eagle	Circaetus cinerascens von Müller, 1851	Africa in the northern tropics from Senegal and Gambia east through to Ethiopia and then south to southern Angola and Zimbabwe	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC

Fossil record

Circaetus rhodopensis (late Miocene of Bulgaria)^[5]

Circaetus haemusensis (early Pleistocene of Bulgaria)^[6]

References

1. Vieillot, Louis Pierre (1816). Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire (in French). Paris: Deterville/self. p. 23.
2. Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 309.
3. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
4. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2022). "Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors". IOC World Bird List Version 12.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
5. Boev, Z. 2012. Circaetus rhodopensis sp. n. (Aves, Accipitriformes) from the Late Miocene of Hadzhidimovo (SW Bulgaria). - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 64 (1): 5-12.
6. Boev, Z. 2015. An Early Pleistocene Snake-eagle (Circaetus haemusensis sp. n. - Aves, Accipitriformes) from Varshets (NW Bulgaria). – Acta zoologica bulgarica. 67 (1), 2015: 127-138.