Small five-toed jerboa

The small five-toed jerboa (Scarturus elater) is a rodent of the family Dipodidae and genus Scarturus, that has five digits.^[1][2] They are hopping rodents of the rocky deserts in Asia.^[1] They have been found in Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Turkmenistan. They have long hind feet, short forelimbs, and walk upright.^[3] The jerboa body length ranges from 5–15 cm and has a tail ranging from 7–25 cm.^[4] They have large ears in comparison to their body size and a large tail. The tail assists and serves as support when the jerboa is standing upright.^[5] These hopping rodents can reach a speed up to 48 km/h.^[1] The forelimbs of the jerboa serve as a pair of hands for feeding, grooming, etc.^[6] The male jerboa is usually larger in size and weight in comparison to the female jerboa.^[5] The pelt of the jerboa is either silky or velvety in texture and light in color,^[7] the coloration helps camouflage into surroundings to avoid predators. "Its coloration varies from sandy or buff to dark russet or black with pale under parts and a white strip on the hip”.^[1]

Small five-toed jerboa
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Dipodidae
Genus:	Scarturus
Species:	S. elater
Binomial name
Scarturus elater (H. Lichtenstein, 1825)
Synonyms
List Allactaga elater Dipus elater

Adaptation to temperature conditions

Allactaga elater on a 2012 Armenian stamp

Jerboas are adapted to live in the desert, therefore they are called xerocole animals. In hot temperature conditions, they spend most of their day burrowed under sand to avoid the heat.^[8] Burrowing under the sand, they evade the heat from the sun, minimizing water loss and avoiding dehydration. In cold temperature conditions, the Small five-toed Jerboa are capable of adjusting their body temperature 1–2 °C from the optimal temperature to minimize heat lost.^[9]

References

1. Shenbrot, G.; Tsytsulina, K.; Batsaikhan, N.; Avirmed, D.; Tinnin, D.; Sukhchuluun, G. & Lkhagvasuren, D. (2016). "Scarturus elater". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
2. "Scarturus elater (ASM Mammal Diversity Database #1001969)". Mammal Diversity Database. American Society of Mammalogists. 3 December 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
3. Lagassé, Paul (2000) "Jerboa." in The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. New York: Columbia UP.
4. "Jerboa (rodent)." Encyclopædia Britannica. .
5. Kirmiz, John P. (1962) Adaptation to Desert Environment; A Study on the Jerboa, Rat and Man. London: Butterworths. p. 17.
6. Kirmiz, John P. (1962) Adaptation to Desert Environment; A Study on the Jerboa, Rat and Man. London: Butterworths. p. 29.
7. Miljutin, A. (2008). "Trends of Specialisation in Rodents: The Five-toed Jerboas, Subfamily Allactaginae (Dipodoidea, Rodentia)". Acta Zoologica Lituanica. 18 (4): 228–239. doi:10.2478/v10043-008-0033-9.
8. Hearst, Michael et al. (2012) Unusual Creatures: A Mostly Accurate Account of Some of the Earth's Strangest Animals. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 1452104670.
9. Hill, Richard W.; Lay, Douglas M. & Veghte, James H. (1974). "Body surface temperatures of jerboas (Allactaga) in uniform thermal environments". Journal of Comparative Physiology. 93 (2): 117–125. doi:10.1007/BF00696266. S2CID 13443069.