Sitanath Tattwabhushan

Pandit Sitanath Tattwabhushan was the official theologian and philosopher of the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj.^[1][2] His hymns still form the basis of Brahmo rites and liturgies.^[2][3]

Early life

He was born Sitanath Dutta, in a village in Sylhet in 1856.^[4] He arrived in Calcutta for higher education in 1871. Although he initially joined Keshub Chunder Sen's Brahmo Niketan where he developed an interest in the philosophy of religion. However following the closure of that institute, he joined Alexander Duff's General Assembly's Institution in 1875.^[5] In 1879, he joined Anandamohan Bose's City School as a teacher. Late in 1883, he joined the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj's institute of theology as its secretary, and was associated with its activities for twelve years. During this period he explored comparative discourses on Brahmo theology and religion.^[5]

He was elected president of the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj in 1926.^[6]

Religious positions

Following his extensive readings, and intellectual exchanges with his peers, he developed the view that the failure of Brahmoism to draw converts lay in its being less philosophic, and being more grounded on dogma, based on divine inspiration and unverifiable assertions. To counter this, he put forward the need for developing a faith based on philosophy.^[5] In his written works, he developed a theological system of Brahmoism. This was based not on natural intuition or spontaneity, but on the metaphysics of theism and self-knowledge, based on the Upanishads and the Vedanta.^[5] By emphasizing the primacy of ethical development as instrumental to the formation of consciousness, his thoughts presaged those of Vivekananda.

Controversies

He attacked Vaishnava religion as he felt that natural or spontaneous religion based on the traditions of bhakti did not help in the development of critical rational faculties, and paradoxically served to keep the masses illiterate, and uncritical.^[5]

His critical appraisal of Brahmo followers (primarily the followers of Keshub Chunder Sen's New Dispensation) as spiritual deviants, and his emphasis on logical empiricism earned him detractors both with the Brahmo Samaj (particularly the followers of Keshub Chunder Sen), and in the wider Hindu society, who criticized his efforts as effete scholasticism.^[5]

Family

Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya, best known as the biographer of Rabindranath Tagore, had married his daughter Sudhamoyee. She was one of the earlier period students of Santiniketan. She was founder of the Bolpur Balika Vidyalaya and was its headmistress for many years.^[7]

Subinoy Roy, an exponent of Rabindra Sangeet, was the son of his youngest daughter Sukhamoyee Devi.^[8]

Works

• Brahmo Jijnasa (Inquiry into the Philosophical Basis of Theism), 1888.
• Philosophy of Brahmoism, 1909.
• Manual of Brahmic Prayer and Devotions, 1921.

References

1. Anusthanic Brahmos Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
2. "The Brahmo Samaj". www.thebrahmosamaj.net. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
3. "The Brahmo Samaj". www.thebrahmosamaj.net. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
4. "Brahmo Samaj, Truths of Brahmoism: Sitanath Tattwabhushan Dutta". Brahmo Samaj, Truths of Brahmoism. 24 May 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
5. Reformist Modernism in The Brahmo Samaj and the shaping of the modern Indian mind. By David Kopf, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1979. page 80-83
6. Kopf, David (1979). The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modern Indian Mind. New Delhi: Archives Publishers. p. 358. ISBN 9780691031255.
7. Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali (editors), 1976/1998, Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan (Biographical dictionary) Vol I, (in Bengali), p304, ISBN 81-85626-65-0
8. "তাঁর গলায় রবীন্দ্রগান জলের ঢেউয়ের তরল তান". Anandabazar Patrika. Archived from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2024.