Deltaarterivirus hemfev

Deltaarterivirus hemfev, formerly Simian hemorrhagic fever virus or simian haemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV), is a highly pathogenic virus in monkeys. It is a positive-stranded RNA virus classified in the family Arteriviridae. It is the only member of the subgenus Hedartevirus.^[2]

Deltaarterivirus hemfev
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Pisuviricota
Class:	Pisoniviricetes
Order:	Nidovirales
Family:	Arteriviridae
Genus:	Deltaarterivirus
Subgenus:	Hedartevirus
Species:	Deltaarterivirus hemfev
Synonyms[1]
Simian hemorrhagic fever virus

Hosts

Patas are believed to be the natural host for the virus since about 50% of wild patas monkeys have antibodies for the virus, while antibodies are much less prevalent in other simian species such as vervets and baboons. In macaques, however, infection with this virus can result in acute severe disease with high mortality. Recently, red colobus monkeys and red-tailed guenons have been identified as natural hosts for SHFV.^[3][4]

In 2022, scientists cautioned about potential future spillover of SHFV.^[5]

Symptoms

Asymptomatic infection of the virus can occur in patas monkeys, vervet monkeys, and baboons, although it is observed primarily in patas monkeys. Infection has a rapid onset with animals developing a high fever, facial edema, cyanosis, anorexia, melena, and may begin to hemorrhage at the cutaneous, subcutaneous, and retrobulbar levels. Thrombocytopenia will develop soon after. Death usually occurs within 10–15 days after symptoms appear.^[6]

References

1. Brinton, M.A.; et al. (8 August 2018). "Expansion of the rank structure of the family Arteriviridae and renaming its taxa" (docx). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 19 December 2019. Deltaarterivirus hemfev (SHFV) simian hemorrhagic fever virus
2. "Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release" (html). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
3. Lauck, Michael; Hyeroba, David; Tumukunde, Alex; Weny, Geoffrey; Lank, Simon M.; Chapman, Colin A.; O'Connor, David H.; Friedrich, Thomas C.; Goldberg, Tony L. (2011). "Novel, Divergent Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses in a Wild Ugandan Red Colobus Monkey Discovered Using Direct Pyrosequencing". PLOS ONE. 6 (4): e19056. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...619056L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019056. PMC 3081318. PMID 21544192.
4. Lauck, M.; Sibley, S. D.; Hyeroba, D.; Tumukunde, A.; Weny, G.; Chapman, C. A.; Ting, N.; Switzer, W. M.; Kuhn, J. H.; Friedrich, T. C.; O'Connor, D. H.; Goldberg, T. L. (2012). "Exceptional Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Diversity in a Wild African Primate Community". Journal of Virology. 87 (1): 688–91. doi:10.1128/JVI.02433-12. PMC 3536393. PMID 23077302.
5. Warren, Cody J.; Yu, Shuiqing; Peters, Douglas K.; Barbachano-Guerrero, Arturo; Yang, Qing; Burris, Bridget L.; Worwa, Gabriella; Huang, I.-Chueh; Wilkerson, Gregory K.; Goldberg, Tony L.; Kuhn, Jens H.; Sawyer, Sara L. (13 October 2022). "Primate hemorrhagic fever-causing arteriviruses are poised for spillover to humans". Cell. 185 (21): 3980–3991.e18. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.022. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 9588614. PMID 36182704.

   • University press release: "Another monkey virus could be poised for spillover to humans". University of Colorado at Boulder via medicalxpress.com. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
6. Hirsh, Dwight C.; MacLachlan, N. James; Walker, Richard L. (2004). Veterinary Microbiology (2nd ed.). Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-8138-0379-1.