Second School War
Political crisis in Belgium over the issue of religion in education From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Second School War (French: Deuxième guerre scolaire, Dutch: Tweede schoolstrijd) was a political crisis in Belgium over the issue of religion in education between 1954 and 1958. The "war" was ended by a cross-party agreement, known as the School Pact, which clarified the role of religion in the state. It followed a crisis over the same issue in the 19th century, known as the First School War.
Crisis
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Perspective
After victory in the 1950 elections, a Christian Social Party (PSC-CVP) majority government came to power in Belgium for the first time since the end of World War II. The new education minister, Pierre Harmel, used the PSC-CVP's position to increase the wages paid to teachers in private, mainly Catholic, schools and introduced laws linking the subsidies for private schools to the number of pupils. These measures were perceived by the traditionally anticlerical liberals and socialists as a "declaration of war" on the traditionally contentious issue of religion in education.
The 1954 elections pushed the PSC-CVP out of government for the first time in the post-war era. It brought to power a Liberal-Socialist coalition under Achille Van Acker. The new socialist Minister of Education, Leo Collard, immediately set out to reverse the measures taken by Harmel, founding a large number of secular schools and only permitting the instatement of teachers with a diploma which forced many unqualified priests out of the profession. These measures sparked mass protests from Belgian Catholics.
After the 1958 elections, the PSC-CVP was returned to power with a minority government under Gaston Eyskens. The School War was concluded by an agreement, known as the School Pact, on 6 November 1958.[1]
School Pact
The School War was finally ended by the "School Pact" (Pacte scolaire/Schoolpact). Under the agreement, parents could choose the system they preferred for their children. Publicly, the pact did not satisfy anyone[further explanation needed] including many in the Catholic camp, especially the Belgian Cardinal van Roey.[2]
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