Schwandorf
Town in Bavaria, Germany From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Town in Bavaria, Germany From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Schwandorf is a town on the river Naab in the Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany, which is the seat of the Schwandorf district. Schwandorf is a Family-friendly community.
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Schwandorf | |
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Location of Schwandorf within Schwandorf district | |
Coordinates: 49°19′42″N 12°6′36″E | |
Country | Germany |
State | Bavaria |
Admin. region | Oberpfalz |
District | Schwandorf |
Government | |
• Lord mayor (2020–26) | Andreas Feller[1] (CSU) |
Area | |
• Total | 123.76 km2 (47.78 sq mi) |
Elevation | 366 m (1,201 ft) |
Population (2023-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 30,239 |
• Density | 240/km2 (630/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 92421 |
Dialling codes | 0 94 31 |
Vehicle registration | SAD |
Website | www.schwandorf.de |
Schwandorf is a Landkreis (district) in Upper Palatinate in the eastern part of Bavaria, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the east clockwise) Cham, Regensburg, Neumarkt, Amberg-Sulzbach, Neustadt an der Waldnaab, and the Czech Plzeň Region.
Schwandorf is located at the intersection of four depressions in the Schwandorf Bay in the southern Upper Palatinate Forest. The Upper Palatinate Lake District borders the city area. The Naab River runs through the city area from north to south. Nature has created a broad plain in the Naab Valley, the edges of which are formed by iron sandstone hills. The Kreuzberg rises from the plain like a green island. This was once far outside the city gates, but today it is surrounded by the settlement.
The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb". (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).
Overview of history
Schwandorf was first mentioned in writing in 1006 AD in a document from the monastery of Saint Emmeram as Suainicondorf on the river Naba ( Naab ) in the area of the diocese of Regensburg . Prehistoric finds, for example a fishing hook from the Bronze Age or urn graves from the Urnfield period (1200 to 800 BC) in the city area, as well as research into the origin of the city's name, make it certain that the town was settled very early on. In 1234 AD, Schwandorf in the Upper Palatinate was the seat of a Wittelbach office, in 1286 it was the seat of a dean and, from an ecclesiastical point of view, one of the centers of the diocese of Regensburg in the Nordgau. On 5 January 1299, the market town received a municipal constitution, and from 1446 onwards it was granted full city rights.
During the Landshut War of Succession, Schwandorf was almost completely destroyed in 1504. From 1555 to 1617, Schwandorf was Evangelical Lutheran for three generations as a result of the Peace of Augsburg, which Ottheinrich von Wittelsbach, Count Palatine of Palatinate-Neuburg, had signed up to, and belonged to the Principality of Palatinate-Neuburg until Bavarian unification in 1777. Despite its political peripheral location (border town), Schwandorf remained an economic hub due to its location on an old trade and military route to Bohemia. Most of the town's buildings that are still standing today were built in the 16th century. The town's economic power increased after the Nuremberg–Schwandorf–Regensburg railway line was opened on December 12, 1859. Since 1863, with the opening of the railway line to Weiden in der Oberpfalz, Schwandorf became an important railway junction.
In 1907, 6,985 citizens lived in Schwandorf. Of these, 6,618 were Catholic, 333 Protestant, 19 Israelite, 1 Mennonite and 14 of unknown faith.
In 1933, 29 people of Jewish origin lived in Schwandorf. Louis Waldmann committed suicide in the Charlottenhof district in 1939, and nine other Schwandorf residents were deported and murdered. There are 17 stumbling blocks for them in Schwandorf.
At the end of the Second World War, on April 5, 1945, the train station was attacked for the second time by low-flying aircraft. On April 10, 1945, at 1:45 p.m., eight US low-flying planes fired on a train in Schwandorf. On April 17, 1945, between 3:52 a.m. and 4:07 a.m., Canadian and British Royal Air Force bombers with 167 Lancasters and eight Mosquitos bombed the train station in Schwandorf. The bombardment with 633.3 tons of bombs also devastated the city center as far as the Kreuzberg district. A total of 1,250 people, including refugees and displaced persons and 495 Schwandorf residents, died in this air raid. A total of 514 houses were damaged and 674 completely destroyed. Before the attack, Schwandorf had 1,361 buildings. The station district was particularly hard hit; countless passengers died on the trains that were hit. Because the railway line was largely destroyed, a train transport with around 1,000 prisoners from the Flossenbürg concentration camp stopped near Schwandorf on April 19. When an airplane appeared, panic ensued and some prisoners tried to escape. A total of 41 prisoners were killed, 111 managed to escape. Two groups of 417 and 389 prisoners had to march on south. A few days later, on April 23, 1945, the first US units reached the town of Schwandorf. The town was then occupied by American troops of the 3rd Army as they advanced to a demarcation line in western and southern Bohemia agreed upon in the Potsdam Agreement. It came under the control of the American military government and reconstruction began. The reconstruction of Schwandorf continued for many years after this air raid.
The town of Schwandorf was a district-free town from 1920 to 1972. In the course of an administrative reform, it was incorporated into the newly founded large district on July 1, 1972, became the seat of the district administration and was given the designation of large district town .
On December 28, 1972, the name of the town of Schwandorf in Bavaria was officially changed to Schwandorf .
The Naab was probably the reason for the founding of the town. Here in the shallow Schwandorf Bay, the river divides into three branches and is so shallow that it is easy to ford through the water. Even in Roman times, the Naab was an important trade route from south to north. The intersection of the road and the river was ideal for a settlement. A landing stage was documented as early as 1158. Salt and iron were among the most important trade goods. With the help of salt, the fish of the Naab became a commodity. Numerous natural and artificial ponds were also managed. The abundance of fish and its management led to the introduction of a fish master's office in the Nordgau, the first evidence of which dates back to the 13th century.
Carp, bream, tench, zander, eels, catfish, barbel, nase, perch and pike can still be caught today. Crayfish were once so numerous that they could be caught by hand and taken to market in wheelbarrows.
Mills powered by the water power of the Naab were another source of livelihood.
Today, hydropower is only used to generate electricity in the city. Freight shipping has also long since stopped. Canoes and kayaks have taken their place. Pond farming is still an economic factor, while river fishing is carried out by sports and fishing clubs.
In the urban area, the following streams feed the Naab: Fensterbach, Els, Rotha, Haselbach with Irlbach, Göggelbach, Blauer Entengraben and Martelgraben.
Elementary Schools (Grundschulen):
Elementary and Middle Schools (Grund- und Mittelschule)
Middle Schools (Mittelschule)
High Schools (Realschulen):
Higher Secondary Schools (Gymnasien Schule):
Technical Higher Secondary Schools (Fachoberschule / Berufsoberschule):
Reference:List of universities in Germany
Schwandorf has these associations and significant institutions, offices
Schwandorf is the most important retail centre in the district of the same name.
There are several multinational corporations located in Schwandorf, such as BMW, Horsch, Krones AG and Gerresheimer
At the district level, the district of Schwandorf in Upper Palatinate is the undisputed number 1 in terms of tax revenue. Its income is even comparable to that of the districts around Munich. There are 130 large industrial companies and 15,000 jobs. Schwandorf's largest employer is currently meiller direct GmbH. Benteler is also a major employer in the district. In the Wackersdorf Innovation Park, BMW AG, nine manufacturing suppliers and three service companies now make up the circle of partners at the Wackersdorf Innovation Park with around 2,700 employees. There is also a branch of Läpple AG with around 800 employees.
Meillerghp was Schwandorf's largest employer with around 1,200 employees. The former subsidiary of the Austrian Post was one of the largest direct marketing companies in Europe. Following the sale in 2015 to the Paragon Group, based in Dublin, Ireland, the company has been trading under the new company name Paragon Customer Communications Schwandorf GmbH since May 1, 2018.
In the manufacturing sector, the processing industry is an important economic factor . The most important employers here are to be found in the printing industry and in automotive supplies. Nabaltec AG, a company in the chemical industry, has its headquarters in Schwandorf. Schwandorf is the headquarters of Schmack Biogas GmbH, which designs, builds and operates biogas plants . On July 14, 2008, the company put Europe's largest biogas plant into operation in Schwandorf.
Major list of Employers in Schwandorf District are:
Schwandorf with its railway station is the most important hub for regional trains operated by the Oberpfalzbahn of the Länderbahn in ( Marktredwitz via Weiden to Regensburg and eastwards to Furth and Lam).
Schwandorf belongs to the Regensburg Transport Association (RVV).
The Schwandorf city and the other cities in the Schwandorf district are well connected with the Schwandorf City Bus Network .
The adjacent district Regensburg is well connected with RVV line (Bus Line 41) and with frequent Rail connections (RVV line). Schwandorf is connected to Bus and Rail lines to Munich, Nuremberg, Passau, Weiden and Hof and Cham. The city lies also on two motorways, the A3 from Cologne and Frankfurt to Vienna, and the A93 from Holledau to Hof.
The following routes converge at Schwandorf station :
Schwandorf Airport has a 860 × 30 m grass runway.
The airfield is located six kilometers east of the historic center of Schwandorf and three kilometers north of Wackersdorf . It is owned by the town of Schwandorf and operated by the Schwandorf Aviation Club .
International Airports are located nearby in Munich, Nuremberg and Frankfurt.
Twice a year the Schwandorf Volksfest takes place. This is the city's Volksfest.
The towns association football club, 1. FC Schwandorf, experienced its greatest success in the late 1950s and 1960 when it spent thirteen seasons in the third division Bayernliga.
Some of the clubs there are:
The Schwandorf Marionette Theatre was founded in 1977. One of the rock cellars on Fronberger Straße is used as a venue for concerts and theater.
The town's musical life is mainly shaped by private initiatives. These include the Schwandorf Music School, the Schwandorf Music Association (founded in 1854) with its brass band, the Schwandorf VHS Youth Brass Band and the Schwandorf Oratorio Choir (founded in 2000).
With a huge number of Grocery shops, Apparel outlets, Household items shops and a large Shopping mall area fulfils the daily needs of the residents of Schwandorf district.
Notable shopping Malls are: Globus & K+B expert Mall, Rewe Center, Müller Complex, OBI baumarkt, FREY Mode
Schwandorf has a mixed and diverse population. Major migrated foreigners are from the countries Russia, Czech Republic, Turkey, Syria, Poland, Italy, Romania, India, China
Towns | Markt | Verwaltungsgemeinschaften | Municipalities |
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Schwandorf is twinned with:[3]
Schwandorf also has friendly relations with Karamürsel in Turkey.[3]
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