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It was customary in the European Middle Ages, more precisely in the period of scholasticism which extended into early modern times, to designate the more celebrated among the doctors of theology and law by epithets or surnames which were supposed to express their characteristic excellence or dignity. The following list exhibits the principal surnames with the dates of death.
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See also Doctor of the Church and List of Latinised names.
Doctors in theology
| Accolade | Name | Religious Order | Death |
|---|---|---|---|
| Magister Abstractionum | Francis Mayron | O.F.M. | 1325 or 1327 |
| Doctor Acutissimus | Pope Sixtus IV | - | 1484 |
| Doctor Acutus | Francis Mayron | O.F.M. | 1325-27 |
| Doctor Acutus | Gabriel Vasquez | S.J. | 1604 |
| Doctor Amoenus | Robert Cowton | O.F.M. | 1340 |
| Doctor Angelicus | Thomas Aquinas | O.P. | 1274 |
| Arca testamenti; Doctor Evangelicus | Anthony of Padua | O.F.M. | 1231 |
| Doctor Authenticus | Gregory of Rimini | O.S.A. | 1358 |
| Doctor Authenticus | Thomas Netter | O.Carm | 1431 |
| Doctor Averroista; Philosophiae Parens | Urbanus | O.S.M. | 1403 |
| Doctor Beatus et Fundatissimus | Giles of Rome | O.S.A. | 1316 |
| Doctor Bonus | Walter Burley | O.F.M. | 1310 |
| Doctor Christianus | Nicholas of Cusa | - | 1464 |
| Doctor Clarus | Louis of Montesinos | - | 1621 |
| Doctor Clarus ac Subtilis | Denis of Cîteaux | - | 14?? (15th c.) |
| Doctor Collectivus | Landolfo Caracciolo | O.F.M. | 1351 |
| Columna Doctorum | William of Champeaux | O.S.B. | 1121 |
| Doctor Communis | Thomas Aquinas | O.P. | 1274 |
| Doctor Contradictionum | Johann Wessel | - | 1489 |
| Doctor Difficilis | Giovanni da Ripa | O.F. | 1368 |
| Doctor Divinus Ecstaticus | John of Ruysbroeck | Can. Reg. | 1381 |
| Doctor Doctorum Scholasticus | Anselm of Laon | - | 1117 |
| Doctor Dulcifluus | Antonius Andreas | O.F.M. | 1320 |
| Doctor Ecstaticus | Denis the Carthusian | - | 1471 |
| Doctor Eminens | John of Matha | O.SS.T | 1213 |
| Doctor Emporium Theologiae | Laurent Gervais | O.P. | 1483 |
| Doctor Evangelicus | John Wycliffe | - | 1330 |
| Doctor Excellentissimus | Antonio Corsetti | - | 1503 |
| Doctor Eximius | Francisco Suárez | S.J. | 1617 |
| Doctor Facundus | Petrus Aureoli | O.F.M. | 1322 |
| Doctor Famosissimus | Petrus Alberti | O.S.B. | 1426 |
| Doctor Famosus | Bertrand de Turre | O.F.M. | 1334 |
| Doctor Fertilis | Francis of Candia | O.F.M. | 14?? (15th c.) |
| Doctor Floridus | Guillaume de Vorillon | O.F. | 1463 |
| Doctor Flos Mundi | Maurice O'Fiehely | O.F.M. Abp of Tuam | 1513 |
| Doctor Fundamentalis | Joannes Faber of Bordeaux | - | 1350 |
| Doctor Fundatissimus | Giles of Rome | - | 1316 |
| Doctor Fundatissimus | Willem Hessels van Est | - | 1613 |
| Doctor Fundatus | William of Ware | O.F.M. | 1270 |
| Doctor Hyperbolicus; Doctor Lügner; Reformator | Martin Luther | O.S.A/Prot. | 1546 |
| Doctor Illibatus | Alexander Alamannicus | O.F.M. | 14?? (15th c.) |
| Doctor Illuminatus | Francis Mayron | O.F.M. | 1325-27 |
| Doctor Illuminatus | Ramon Llull | O.F.M. | 1315 |
| Doctor Illuminatus et Sublimis | Johannes Tauler | O.P. | 1361 |
| Doctor Illustratus | Franciscus Picenus | O.F.M. | 13?? (14th c.) |
| Doctor Illustris | Adam of Marisco | O.F.M. | 1308 |
| Doctor Inclytus | William Mackelfield | O.P. | 1300 |
| Doctor Ingeniosissimus | André of Neufchâteau | O.F.M. | 1300 |
| Doctor Inter Aristotelicos Aristotelicissimus | Haymo of Faversham | O.F.M. | 1244 |
| Doctor Invincibilis | Peter Thomas (saint) | O.F.M. | 13?? (14th c.) |
| Doctor Irrefragabilis | Alexander of Hales | O.F.M. | 1245 |
| Doctor Magnus | Gilbert of Citeaux | O.Cist | 1280 |
| Doctor Marianus | Anselm of Canterbury | O.S.B. | 1109 |
| Doctor Marianus | Duns Scotus[1] | O.F.M. | 1308 |
| Doctor Mellifluus | Bernard of Clairvaux | O.Cist | 1153 |
| Doctor Mirabilis | Roger Bacon | O.F.M. | 1294 |
| Doctor Mirabilis | Antonio Pérez | S.J. | 1649 |
| Doctor Moralis | Gerardus Odonis | O.F.M. | 1349 |
| Doctor Notabilis | Pierre de l'Ile | O.F.M. | 13?? (14th c.) |
| Doctor Ordinatissimus | Johannes de Bassolis | O.F.M. | 1347 (circa) |
| Doctor Ornatissimus et Sufficiens | Petrus de Aquila | O.F.M. | 1344 |
| Doctor Pacificus; Doctor Proficuus; Doctor Imaginativus | Nicolas Bonet | O.F.M. | 1360 |
| Doctor Parisiensis | Guido Terrena | O.Carm | 1342 |
| Doctor Planus et Utilis | Nicolas de Lyre | O.F.M. | 1340 |
| Doctor Planus et Perspicuus | Walter Burley | - | 1344/5 |
| Doctor Praeclarus | Peter of Kaiserslautern | O.Praem | 1330 |
| Doctor Praestantissimus | Thomas Netter | O.Carm | 1431 |
| Doctor Profundissimus | Paul of Venice | O.S.A. | 1428 |
| Doctor Profundissimus | Gabriel Biel | Can. Reg. | 1495 |
| Doctor Profundissimus | Juan Alfonso Curiel | O.S.B. | 1609 |
| Doctor Profundus | Thomas Bradwardine | - | 1349 |
| Doctor Profundus | Giacomo di Ascoli | O.F.C. | 1310 (circa) |
| Doctor Rarus | Hervaeus Natalis[2] | O.P. | 1323 |
| Doctor Refulgidus | Pope Alexander V | - | 1410 |
| Doctor Resolutissimus | Durandus of Saint-Pourçain | O.P. | 1334 |
| Doctor Resolutus | John Baconthorpe | O.Carm. | 1346 |
| Doctor Scholasticus; Peripateticus Palatinus | Peter Abelard | - | 1142 |
| Doctor Scholasticus | Gilbert de la Porrée | - | 1154 |
| Doctor Scholasticus; Magister Sententiarum | Peter Lombard | - | 1164 |
| Doctor Scholasticus | Peter of Poitiers | - | 1205 |
| Doctor Scholasticus | Hugh of Newcastle | O.F.M. | 1322 |
| Doctor Scotellus | Antonius Andreas | O.F.M. | 1320 |
| Doctor Scotellus | Peter of Aquila | O.F.M | 1361 |
| Doctor Scotellus | Stephanus Brulefer | O.F.M | 1497 (circa) |
| Doctor Seraphicus; Doctor Devotus | Bonaventure | O.F.M. | 1274 |
| Doctor Singularis et Invincibilis; Venerabilis Inceptor | William of Ockham | O.F.M. | 1347 or 1359 |
| Doctor Solemnis; Doctor Validus | Henry of Ghent | - | 1293 |
| Doctor Solidus Copiosus | Richard of Middleton | O.F.M. | 1300 |
| Doctor Speculativus; Doctor Gratiosus | James of Viterbo | O.S.A. | 1307 |
| Doctor Strenuus; Doctor Proficuus | Petrus Thomae | O.F. | 13?? (14th c.) |
| Doctor Sublimis | Franciscus de Bachone | O.Carm. | 1372 |
| Doctor Sublimis | Jean Courte-Cuisse | - | 1425 |
| Doctor Subtilis; Doctor Marianus | Duns Scotus | O.F.M. | 1308 |
| Doctor Subtilissimus | Peter of Mantua | - | 13?? (14th c.) |
| Doctor Succinctus | Francis of Ascoli | - | 1344 (circa) |
| Doctor Supersubtilis | Giovanni da Ripa | O.F. | 1368 |
| Doctor Universalis | Alain de Lille | - | 1202 |
| Doctor Universalis | Albertus Magnus | O.P. | 1280 |
| Doctor Universalis | Gilbert, Bishop of London | - | 1134 |
| Doctor Venerabilis et Christianissimus; Doctor Consolatorius | Jean Gerson | - | 1429 |
| Doctor Venerandus | Geoffroy de Fontibus | O.F.M. | 1240 |
| Doctor Vitae Arbor | Johannes Wallensis | O.F.M. | 1300 |
Doctors in law
| Accolade | Name | Death |
|---|---|---|
| Doctor Aristotelis Anima | Johannes Dondus | 1380 |
| Doctor a Doctoribus | Antonius Franciscus | 1528 |
| Doctor Fons Canonum | Johannes Andrea | 1348 |
| Doctor Fons Juris Utriusque | Henry of Susa (Ostia) | 1267-81 |
| Doctor Lucerna Juris | Baldus de Ubaldis | 1400 |
| Doctor Lucerna Juris Pontificii | Nicholas Tedeschi (O.S.B.) | 1445 |
| Doctor Lumen Juris | Pope Clement IV | 1268 |
| Doctor Lumen Legum | Irnerius | 1125 (after) |
| Doctor Memoriosissimus | Ludovicus Pontanus | 1439 |
| Doctor Monarcha Juris | Bartholomew of Saliceto | 1412 |
| Doctor Os Aureum | Bulgarus | 1166 |
| Doctor Pater Decretalium | Gregory IX | 1241 |
| Doctor Pater et Organum Veritatis | Pope Innocent IV | 1254 |
| Doctor Pater Juris | Pope Innocent III | 1216 |
| Doctor Pater Peritorum | Pierre de Belleperche | 1307 |
| Doctor Planus ac Perspicuus | Walter Burleigh | 1337 |
| Doctor Princeps Subtilitatum | Francesco d'Accolti | 1486 |
| Doctor Speculator | William Durandus | 1296 |
| Doctor Speculum Juris | Bartholus of Sassoferrato | 1359 |
| Doctor Subtilis | Benedict Raymond | 1440 |
| Doctor Subtilis | Filippo Corneo | 1462 |
| Doctor Verus | Thomas Doctius, Siena | 1441 |
Other medieval accolades
| Accolade | Name | Death | Translation/Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apostolus | St. Paul | 67 | Due to his preeminence among the Letters of the Apostles within the Bible |
| Commentator | Averroes (Ibn Rushd) | 1198 | Due to his commentaries on Aristotle's works |
| Philosophus | Aristotle | BC 322 | |
| Propheta | David | BC 10th century | Due to his authorship of the Psalms |
| Theologus | Augustine of Hippo | 430 | |
| Praeceptor Germaniae | Rabanus Maurus | 856 |
- Lists of nicknames – nickname list articles on Wikipedia
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