Scaphella junonia

This article is about the snail. For the Roman colony, see Colonia Junonia. For the genus of butterfly, see Junonia.

Scaphella junonia, common names the junonia, or Juno's volute,^[2] is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes.

Scaphella junonia
A shell of Scaphella junonia trawled by a shrimp boat off of the SW coast of Florida
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Neogastropoda
Family:	Volutidae
Genus:	Scaphella
Species:	S. junonia
Binomial name
Scaphella junonia (Lamarck, 1804)
Synonyms[1]
Voluta junonia Lamarck, 1804 Aurinia junonia Lamarck, 1804 Scapha junonia Lamarck, 1804 Maculopeplum junonia Lamarck, 1804 Scaphella butleri Clench, 1953 Scaphella johnstoneae Clench, 1953 Scaphella capelettii Petuch, 1994

This species lives in water from 29 m to 126 m depth in the tropical Western Atlantic.^[1] Because of its deepwater habitat, the shell usually only washes up onto beaches after strong storms, or hurricanes.

The species is named after the ancient Roman goddess Juno.

Distribution

Scaphella junonia is found throughout Florida to Texas and the Gulf of Mexico.^[1][3]

• A subspecies, Scaphella junonia johnstoneae, is found off of Alabama^[1] and is the state shell of that state.^[4] It is named for Kathleen Yerger Johnstone, an amateur conchologist from Alabama who published two books on seashell collecting.^[5]
• Another subspecies, Scaphella junonia butleri, is found off of the Yucatan.^[1]

Shell description

The largest recorded shell of Scaphella junonia is 154 mm in length.^[6] The shell is cream in color with about 12 spiral rows of somewhat squarish brown dots. The large protoconch is tan. The aperture of the shell is almost 3/4 of the length of the shell.

Human relevance

An exhibit at the Bailey-Matthews National Shell Museum on Sanibel, Florida shows a growth series of this species.

The shell was historically greatly prized for its beauty and apparent rarity. It is however commonly taken (accidentally as bycatch) from deeper water during commercial trawling by shrimp fishermen in the Gulf of Mexico. This source provides plenty of specimens for the shell trade, and so the price of a specimen shell is relatively low. However, the shell is still very hard to find naturally cast up on beaches, so people who find a junonia while shelling on Sanibel Island, Florida, often get their picture in the local newspapers.^{[citation needed]}

References

Citations

1. Rosenberg, G. (2009). "Malacolog 4.1.1: A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca". Scaphella junonia (Lamarck, 1804). Retrieved 7 April 2010.
2. Helen S. O'Brien. (1953). Shell Album. Fort Myers, Florida: O'Brien Color Studio. p. 10.
3. Scaphella junonia (Lamarck, 1804). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 7 April 2010.
4. "Alabama Shell". Official Symbols and Emblems of Alabama. Alabama Department of Archives and History. 6 February 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
5. Bruer, Frank (11 January 1990). "Mobile senator makes push to get an official state shell". Birmingham Post-Herald. p. 1. Retrieved 7 June 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
6. "World's Largest Junonia". 11 August 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2021.

Bibliography

• Conchologists of America, Peter Dance article on this species
• Rosenberg, G. 1992. Encyclopedia of Seashells. Dorset: New York. 224 pp. page(s): 99
• Bail, P & Poppe, G. T. 2001. A conchological iconography: a taxonomic introduction of the recent Volutidae. Hackenheim-Conchbook, 30 pp, 5 pl.
• Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.

Further reading

• S. Peter Dance (1969). Rare Shells. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.