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Japanese biochemist, co-inventor of ivermectin (born 1935) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Satoshi Ōmura (大村 智, Ōmura Satoshi, [oːmɯɾa saꜜtoɕi]; born 12 July 1935) is a Japanese biochemist. He is known for the discovery and development of hundreds of pharmaceuticals originally occurring in microorganisms. In 2015, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with William C. Campbell for their role in the discovery of avermectins and ivermectin.[1] the world's first endectocide and a safe and highly effective microfilaricide.[2] It is believed that the large molecular size of ivermectin prevents it from crossing the blood/aqueous humour barrier, and renders the drug an important treatment of helminthically-derived blindness.
Satoshi Ōmura | |
|---|---|
大村 智 | |
 Satoshi Ōmura, Nobel Laureate in medicine in Stockholm December 2015 | |
| Born | 12 July 1935 Nirasaki, Yamanashi, Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Alma mater | University of Yamanashi (BS) Tokyo University of Science (MS, ScD) University of Tokyo (PhD) |
| Known for | Avermectin and Ivermectin Discovery of more than 480 new compounds |
| Awards | Japan Academy Prize (1990) Koch Gold Medal (1997) Ernest Guenther Award in the Chemistry of Natural Products (2005) Tetrahedron Prize for Creativity in Organic Chemistry (2010) Gairdner Global Health Award (2014) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2015) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Biochemistry |
| Institutions | Kitasato University Wesleyan University |
| Academic advisors | Koji Nakanishi Max Tishler |
Satoshi Ōmura was born in Nirasaki, Yamanashi Japan in 1935, the second son of Ōmura family. After graduating from the University of Yamanashi in 1958, he was appointed to science teacher at Tokyo Metropolitan Sumida Tech High School. In 1960, he became an auditor of Koji Nakanishi’s course at Tokyo University of Education, one year later, he enrolled in the Tokyo University of Science (TUS) and studied sciences. Ōmura received his M.S. degree from TUS and his Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Tokyo (1968, a Dissertation PhD) and a Ph.D. in Chemistry at TUS (1970).[3]
Since 1965 Ōmura served at Kitasato Institute system.[4] From 1970 to 1990, he also became a part-time lecturer at Tokyo University of Science.[5]
In 1971 while he was a visiting professor at Wesleyan University,[4] he consulted the chairman of the American Chemical Society, Max Tishler, at an international conference. Together they successfully acquired research expenses from Merck & Co.[6] Ōmura was considering continuing his research in the United States, but ultimately he decided to return to Japan.
In 1973, he became a director of the antibiotic laboratory at Kitasato University,[7] and he also started collaborative research with Merck & Co.[8]
In 1975, he became professor of Kitasato University School of Pharmacy. Meanwhile, the Ōmura laboratory raised many researchers and produced 31 university professors and 120 doctors.
At present date, Ōmura is professor emeritus at Kitasato University and Max Tishler Professor of Chemistry at Wesleyan University.
Satoshi Ōmura is known for the discovery and development of various pharmaceuticals originally occurring in microorganisms. He was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with William C. Campbell for discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites. More precisely, his research group isolated a strain of Streptomyces avermitilis that produce the anti-parasitical compound avermectin.[2] Campbell later acquired these bacteria and developed the derived drug ivermectin that was first commercialised for veterinary use in 1981 later put to human use against Onchocerciasis in 1987–88 with the name Mectizan,[2] and is today used against river blindness, lymphatic filariasis, scabies, other parasitic infections.[3][9][10]
Since the 1970s, Ōmura has discovered more than 480 new compounds, of which 25 kinds of drugs and reagents are in use. Examples include andrastin, herbimycin, neoxaline as well as:
Furthermore, compounds having a unique structure and biological activity discovered by Omura are drawing attention in drug discovery research, and new anticancer drugs and the like have been created.
Ōmura served as deputy director and director at the Kitasato Institute. He was devoted to rebuild the laboratory and promoting the establishment of the medical center that is now Kitasato University Medical Center. Meanwhile, he established a path to rebuilding of the corporate school juridical person, which has integrated with the School corporation Kitasato Gakuen. He succeeded in establishing a new "School corporation Kitasato Institute". In addition, he served as president of the School corporation Joshibi University of Art and Design twice, and served as the honorary school chief of the School corporation Kaichi Gakuen.[11] In 2007, he established the Nirasaki Omura Art Museum on his collection.[12]
A Children's statues leading to adults of onchocerciasis before Kitasato University buildings were produced by sculptors of Burkina Faso in honor of Ōmura's contributions of avermectin and ivermectin, a symbol of the campaign to eradicate onchocerciasis.[clarification needed][13] Similar life-sized bronze statues were erected in World Health Organization (WHO) Headquarters,[where?] Carter Center, Merck & Co., World Bank Headquarters, and Burkina Faso's World Health Organization Africa Onchocerciasis Control Program.[clarification needed]
List of honorary doctorates:[18]
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