Santi di Tito

Santi di Tito (5 December 1536 – 25 July 1603) was one of the most influential and leading Italian painters of the proto-Baroque style – what is sometimes referred to as "Counter-Maniera" or Counter-Mannerism.^[2][3]

Vision of St Thomas Aquinas (1593)^[1]

Biography

He was born in Sansepolcro.^[4][5] There is little documentation to support the alleged training under Bronzino or Baccio Bandinelli. From 1558 to 1564, he worked in Rome on frescoes in Palazzo Salviati and the Sala Grande of the Belvedere (Homage of the People) alongside Giovanni de' Vecchi and Niccolò Circignani. He acquired a classical trait, described as Raphaelesque by S. J. Freedberg. This style contrasted with the reigning ornate Roman painterliness of Federico and Taddeo Zuccari or their Florentine equivalents: Vasari, Alessandro Allori, and Bronzino.

After returning to Florence in 1564, he joined the Accademia del Disegno. He contributed two conventionally Mannerist paintings for the Duke's study and laboratory, the Studiolo of Francesco I in the Palazzo Vecchio. This artistic project was partly overseen by Giorgio Vasari. These paintings – the Sisters of Fetonte (Phaeton) and Hercules and Iole – like many of those in the studiolo, are stylized and overcrowded.

Baldinucci recounts that Santi completely rejected the maniera of Bronzino, and embraced a classical Reformist and naturalistic style.^[6] Santi went on to contribute a Sacra Conversazione for the Ognissanti and painted two altarpieces for Santa Croce in Florence: a crowded but monumental Resurrection (1570–74), and a creatively inspired and decorous Supper at Emmaus (1574).

Santi also painted a Resurrection of Lazarus for Volterra Cathedral; a Madonna for San Salvatore al Vescovo; a Burial of Christ for S. Giuseppe; a Baptism of Christ by St John for the Corsini palace, Florence. Santi died in Florence on July 23, 1603.^[7]

Santi's mature style and likely his masterpiece is found in his masterpiece of the Vision of Saint Thomas Aquinas, also known as Saint Thomas dedicating his works to Christ located in the church of San Marco in Florence. It expresses a simple, pious gesture that appeared to have been lost from the courtly sensibility of Italian painting since the days of Raphael, while maintaining the brittle, demarcated colour that is classic of Tuscan works. The work has an earnest fervour lacking in his earlier mannerist works, which sometimes appear like a collection of posed statues over-painted with skin hues. This new contra-maniera style finds some echoes in the rising Bolognese Baroque style of the Carracci.

Among his pupils were Ludovico Cigoli, the leading painter of art Reform in late sixteenth and early seventeenth century Florence. Another pupil named Francesco Mochi became a prominent sculptor in the Baroque style and created, among other pieces, the colossal Saint Veronica, in the crossing of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome."^[8]

Works

Paintings

• Resurrection of Lazarus (1576) - Santa Maria Novella, Florence
• Sacred Conversation
• Annunciation (1576) - Santa Maria Novella, Florence
• Sisters of Phaeton (1572) - Studiolo of Francesco I, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence
• Hercules and Iole (1572) - Studiolo of Francesco I, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence
• Pietà with Saints and Military Officer - Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
• Holy Family with St. Elizabeth and John the Baptist'^[9]
• Tobie and the Angel (circa 1575) - Saint-Eustache, Paris
• Doubting Thomas (1583) - Duomo, Borgo San Sepolcro
• Crucifixion (1588) - Santa Croce, Florence
• Marriage at Cana (1593) - Villa I Collazzi, near Scandicci
• Supper at Emmaus (1588) - Sant Croce
• Annunciation (1602) - Santa Maria Novella
• Four ages of Woman and the Written Law - Musee Fesch, Ajaccio
• Christ - Mykolas Zilinskas Art Museum, Kaunas, Lithuania
• Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well - Blanton Art Museum, Austin, Texas

Architecture

• San Tommaso d'Aquino oratory, in Florence
• Saint Micheal Rotunda, in Petrognano
• Palazzo Nonfinito staircase, in Florence
• Palazzo Dardinelli-Fenzi, in Florence
• Palazzo Zanchini-Corbinelli, in Florence
• Palazzo di Santi di Tito (own house), in Florence
• San Michele Convent (Villa di Doccia), near Fiesole
• Villa di Motrone, in Peretola (Florence)
• Villa dei Collazzi, in Giogoli (Scandicci)
• Villa Le Corti, in San Casciano

Gallery

Portraits
Niccolò Machiavelli	Pietro de' Medici	Cristina di Lorena	Maria de' Medici	Maria de' Medici	Portrait of Girl

• 
  Allegory of the State (Pushkin Museum)
• 
  Hercules and Omphalus, Studiolo of Francesco I
• 
  Crossing Red Sea, Studiolo of Francesco I
• 
  Sisters of Phaeton, Studiolo of Francesco I
• 
  Adoration of Magi, Church of St. Martin in Krzeszowice
• 
  Annunciation
• 
  Incredulity of Thomas
• 
  Tobias and Angel, Saint-Eustache, Paris
• 
  Sacred Conversation (Ognissanti, Florence)
• 
  Assumption of Virgin (with Maso da San Friano, in Ognissanti)

Frescoes for Cloister of Santa Maria Novella and Villa il Riposo
St Dominic's vision of Sts Peter & Paul	St Dominic and St Francis	St Dominic dines with Angels	St Dominic's Death	St Dominic Saves Shipwrecked	Villa il Riposo

References

Citations

1. "Art and Theory in Baroque Europe: From Mannerism to Baroque". sbc.edu.
2. Bailey 2003, pp. 28–30.
3. Bailey 2002, pp. 31–39.
4. Collareta, Marco (2003). "Tito, Santi di". Grove Art Online.
5. Brooks, Julian (2002). "Santi di Tito’s Studio: The Contents of His House and Workshop in 1603". The Burlington Magazine, 144 (1190): 279–288.
6. F. Baldinucci, Notizie dei professori del disegno da Cimabue in qua, (1681-1728) 2, pp. 540-544., ed. by F. Ranalli, Florence 1845-1847.
7. Bryan 1889, p. 179.
8. Wittkower & Connors 1999.
9. Santi di Tito. "Holy Family". Musée Fesch. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

Sources

• Bailey, Gauvin A. (2002). "Santi di Tito and the Florentine Academy: Solomon Building the Temple in the Capitolo of the Accademia del Disegno (1570-71)". Apollo: The International Magazine of Arts (480): 31–39. ISSN 0003-6536.
• Bailey, Gauvin A. (2003). Between Renaissance and Baroque: Jesuit Art in Rome, 1565-1610. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-3721-3.
• Bastogi, Nadia (2017). "SANTI di Tito". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Retrieved 16 October 2020.
• Bryan, Michael (1889). Walter Armstrong; Robert Edmund Graves (eds.). Dictionary of Painters and Engravers: Biographical and Critical. Vol. II: L-Z. G. Bell and sons.
• Freedberg, Sydney J. (1993). "Painting in Italy, 1500-1600". Pelican History of Art. Penguin. pp. 620–625.
• Wittkower, Rudolf; Connors, Joseph (1999). Art and Architecture in Italy, 1600 to 1750. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07941-8.

External links

Media related to Santi di Tito at Wikimedia Commons