Samuel R. Rodgers

Samuel Ramsey Rodgers (1798 – July 14, 1866) was an American attorney, judge and politician, who served as Speaker of the Tennessee Senate during the months following the Civil War. He oversaw the passage of several important pieces of legislation in the senate, including the state's ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Rodgers remained loyal to the Union during the war, and chaired the convention that reorganized the state government in January 1865.

Samuel R. Rodgers
Speaker of the Tennessee Senate
In office April 5, 1865 – June 10, 1865[1]
Preceded by	Burton L. Stovall
Succeeded by	Joshua B. Frierson
United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Tennessee
In office 1850–1853[2]
Preceded by	Thomas C. Lyon
Succeeded by	J. Crozier Ramsey
Personal details
Born	1798 Greeneville, Tennessee, United States[3]
Died	July 16, 1866 Knoxville, Tennessee
Resting place	Old Gray Cemetery Knoxville, Tennessee
Political party	Whig Party Republican Party
Education	East Tennessee College
Occupation	Attorney

Prior to the war, Rodgers served as U.S. Attorney for Tennessee's Eastern District (1850–1853), and taught at East Tennessee College (the forerunner of the University of Tennessee).

Early life and career

Rodgers was born in Greeneville, Tennessee.^[3][4] According to the historian J. G. M. Ramsey, he was the son of James Rodgers, a farmer from Washington County who settled near the Ramsey House in Knox County in the early 1810s.^[5] Rodgers trained as a blacksmith before pursuing studies at East Tennessee College in Knoxville.^[3] After excelling as a student, he worked as an instructor at the college from 1826 to 1827.^[6] He studied law under Senator Hugh Lawson White, and was admitted to the bar in 1831.^[3]

During the Black Hawk War (1832), Rodgers served as a commissary colonel, and thus the title "Colonel" would subsequently be associated with his name.^[3] In 1834, Rodgers organized a petition calling for the gradual abolition of slavery, which he submitted to the state constitutional convention then in session.^[3][7] In 1849, President Zachary Taylor appointed Rodgers United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Tennessee. He served in this position until 1853.^[2]

In 1855, Rodgers ran as the American Party ("Know Nothing") candidate for the Tennessee Senate seat representing Knox and Roane counties,^[8] and defeated Democrat and popular Knoxville businessman Joseph A. Mabry in the general election.^[9] He served on the senate's judiciary, internal improvements, and public grounds committees.^[10] During his term, he obtained funding for the Tennessee School for the Deaf and Dumb in Knoxville,^[11] and generally supported state funding for railroad construction.^[12][13] He left the senate at the end of his term in 1857.

During the 1860 presidential election, Rodgers supported the Constitutional Union Party candidate John Bell, who sought to preserve the union by opposing both secession and abolition. In September 1860, Rodgers was one of five Bell supporters who confronted radical Alabama secessionist William Yancey during one of Yancey's campaign events in Knoxville. Rodgers was one of the more vocal Unionists at a citywide assembly held in Knoxville in late 1860 to discuss the secession issue.^[14]

In May 1861, Rodgers was among the Unionists who signed a call for the region's Union supporters to meet in Knoxville at what would become known as the East Tennessee Convention. He attended this convention as a member of the Knox County delegation.^[15]

Speaker of the state senate

Rodgers presided over the January 1865 convention that reorganized Tennessee's state government.^[16] This convention nominated radical Knoxville newspaperman William "Parson" Brownlow for governor, suggested a slate of candidates (including Rodgers) for the state legislature,^[17] and proposed an amendment to the state constitution outlawing slavery.^[18] In the March 1865 elections scheduled by the convention, Rodgers was elected to the Tennessee Senate seat for the new fifth district, which consisted of Knox and Roane counties (his previous constituency).^[3]

When the state senate convened on April 5, Rodgers was elevated to speaker. In his acceptance speech, he stated the new senate's immediate purpose was to "restore this once proud, prosperous and happy state to its original place among the loyal States of the Union."^[19] He further proposed that the legislature take steps to ensure that the loyal people of Tennessee would never again be "governed by rebels."^[20] One of the senate's first actions was to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which outlawed slavery.^[21]

In May 1865, the state senate turned to a contentious piece of legislation known as the "Franchise Bill," which would bar former Confederates from voting. While the more radical members of the legislature, including Rodgers, vigorously supported the bill, some of the more moderate legislators (including Rodgers' House counterpart William Heiskell) opposed it. Speaking forcefully in favor of the bill, Rodgers stated that Rebels "had no right to live, much less to vote," and that it was "a piece of impudence for them to come here and ask the immunities of loyal citizens of America."^[22] In a subsequent speech, he stated that a truly repentant Rebel would ask only of Union leaders, "let me live in the country, I ask no part in the Government, I come back a hired servant."^[23] The bill eventually passed.

In early June 1865, Governor Brownlow appointed Rodgers chancellor (judge) of the state's eighth chancery district, which included Sevier, Blount, Monroe, McMinn, Roane, Knox, and Anderson counties.^[24] He resigned from the state senate on June 10, 1865, to take this position.^[25] He had also reportedly started suffering from the symptoms of tuberculosis, which may have contributed to his decision to leave the senate.^[3]

Later life

In May 1866, Rodgers chaired a convention of East Tennessee Radicals who sought to form a separate state in East Tennessee, much like the East Tennessee Convention Rodgers had attended in 1861. The Radicals were frustrated with the failure of the state legislature to pass a second, more restrictive Franchise Bill (several legislators who were opposed to the bill had fled the capital several weeks earlier to prevent a quorum, leaving the bill in limbo). Shortly after the convention adjourned, however, the legislature passed the bill, and support for East Tennessee statehood collapsed.^[26]

Rodgers died from tuberculosis on July 16, 1866.^[3] He is buried in Knoxville's Old Gray Cemetery.^[27] He was succeeded as chancellor by fellow attorney and Southern Unionist, Oliver Perry Temple.^[28]

See also

• Alfred Cate
• Charles Inman

References

1. Historical Constitutional Officers of Tennessee, 1796 - Present, Territory South of the River Ohio, 1790 - 1796 Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved: 30 October 2012.
2. The Bicentennial Celebration of the United States Archived 2010-12-05 at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Department of Justice Document Set 16, 1994. Retrieved: 1 February 2013.
3. "Death of Chancellor Rodgers," Knoxville Whig, 18 July 1866, p. 2.
4. "The Senators in the Tennessee Legislature," Knoxville Whig and Rebel Ventilator, 12 April 1865, p. 2.
5. J.G.M. Ramsey, History of Lebanon Presbyterian Church, 1875. Accessed at Knoxcotn.org, 28 December 2014.
6. The University of Tennessee Record, Vol. 1, No. 5 (July 1898), pp. 260-261.
7. Oliver Perry Temple, East Tennessee and the Civil War (R. Clarke and Company, 1899), p. 111.
8. "United We Stand," Nashville True Whig, 11 July 1855, p. 2. Originally published in the Knoxville Register.
9. "The Proof," Nashville Union and American, 31 July 1855, p. 2.
10. "Tennessee Legislature," Nashville True Whig, 9 October 1855, p. 2.
11. "Tennessee Legislature," Nashville Union and American, 11 November 1855, p. 2.
12. "Tennessee Legislature," Nashville Daily Patriot, 18 January 1856, p. 2.
13. "Tennessee Legislature," Nashville Union and American, 23 January 1856, p. 3.
14. Temple, East Tennessee and the Civil War, pp. 150-165.
15. Proceedings of the East Tennessee Convention (H. Barry Book Company, 1861). Accessed at the Calvin M. McClung Digital Collection, 24 December 2014.
16. "The Late State Convention," Knoxville Whig and Rebel Ventilator, 25 January 1865, p. 1.
17. "Making Out the Ticket," Knoxville Whig and Rebel Ventilator, 25 January 1865, p. 1.
18. "Amendments to the Constitution," Knoxville Whig and Rebel Ventilator, 25 January 1865, p. 1.
19. "Editor's Correspondance," Knoxville Whig and Rebel Ventilator, 12 April 1865, p. 2.
20. Stanley Folmsbee, Robert Corlew, and Enoch Mitchell, Tennessee: A Short History (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1969), p. 353.
21. "Tennessee Legislature," Nashville Daily Union, 6 April 1865, p. 1.
22. "Tennessee Legislature," Nashville Daily Union, 20 May 1865, p. 2.
23. "Tennessee Legislature," Nashville Daily Union, 24 May 1865, p. 2.
24. Knoxville Whig and Rebel Ventilator, 21 June 1865, p. 1.
25. "Tennessee Legislature," Nashville Daily Union, 11 June 1865, p. 2.
26. James Walter Fertig, The Secession and Reconstruction of Tennessee (University of Chicago Press, 1898), pp. 76-77.
27. Photographic Citation for Tombstone of Hon. S.R. Rodgers in Old Gray Cemetery, Knoxville, Tennessee State Library and Archives. Retrieved: 26 December 2014.
28. "Appointment of Chancellor," Knoxville Whig, 25 July 1866, p. 2.