Salmo is a genus of ray-finned fish from the subfamily Salmoninae of family Salmonidae, and is part of the tribe Salmonini along with the sister genera Salvelinus and Salvethymus. Almost all Salmo species are native only in the Old World (including most of Europe, coastal North Africa and part of West Asia around the Black Sea), the only exception being the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which is also naturally found across the North Atlantic in eastern North America.
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The number of distinct species and subspecies in Salmo is a debated issue. The Atlantic salmon and brown trout (Salmo trutta) are widespread species and have been introduced worldwide as farmed food fish or recreational game fish, while most of the other Salmo species are narrowly distributed forms endemic to single watersheds.
The name Salmo derives from the Latin salmō, meaning salmon. Vast majority of the Salmo species are actually trout, except the Atlantic salmon, which along with six Pacific species from the genus Oncorhynchus (also from the subfamily Salmoninae, but of a different tribe) constitute the only seven officially recognized species of salmon.
The species currently listed in this genus are:[2]
- Salmo abanticus Tortonese, 1954 (Lake Abant trout)
- Salmo akairos Delling & Doadrio, 2005 (Lake Ifni trout)
- Salmo aphelios Kottelat, 1997 (summer trout)
- Salmo balcanicus (S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Struga trout)
- Salmo baliki Turan, İsmail Aksu, Münevver Oral, Kaya, Bayçelebi, 2021[3]
- Salmo carpio Linnaeus, 1758 (Lake Garda trout)
- Salmo caspius Kessler, 1877 (Caspian trout) [4]
- Salmo cenerinus Nardo, 1847
- Salmo cettii Rafinesque, 1810 (Mediterranean trout)
- Salmo chilo Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012[5]
- Salmo ciscaucasicus Dorofeeva, 1967 (Terek trout)
- Salmo coruhensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 (Çoruh river trout) [6]
- Salmo dentex (Heckel, 1851) (Zubatak trout)
- Salmo euphrataeus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 (Euphrates trout) [7]
- Salmo ezenami L. S. Berg, 1948 (Kezenoi-am trout)
- Salmo farioides S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Balkan brook trout)
- Salmo ferox Jardine, 1835 (Ferox trout)
- Salmo fibreni Zerunian & Gandolfi, 1990 (Fibreno trout)
- Salmo ischchan (Sevan trout)
- Salmo kottelati Turan, Doğan, Kaya, & Kanyılmaz, 2014 (Alakir trout) [4]
- Salmo labecula Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 [5]
- Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814 (Black Sea trout)
- Salmo letnica (S. L. Karaman, 1924) (Pestani trout)
- Salmo lourosensis Delling, 2011 (Louros trout)
- Salmo lumi G. D. Poljakov, Filipi, Basho & Hysenaj, 1958 (Lumi trout)
- Salmo macedonicus (S. L. Karaman, 1924) (Macedonian trout)
- Salmo macrostigma (A. H. A. Duméril, 1858) (Maghreb trout)
- Salmo marmoratus G. Cuvier, 1829 (marble trout)
- Salmo montenigrinus (S. L. Karaman, 1933) (Montenegro trout)
- Salmo multipunctatus Doadrio, Perea & Yahyaoui, 2015 (Draa trout) [8]
- Salmo munzuricus Turan, Kottelat & Kaya, 2017[3]
- Salmo nigripinnis Günther, 1866 (Sonaghen trout)
- Salmo obtusirostris (Heckel, 1851)
- S. o. krkensis (S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Krka softmouth trout)
- S. o. obtusirostris Heckel, 1851 (softmouth trout)
- S. o. oxyrhynchus (Steindachner, 1882) (Neretva softmouth trout)
- S. o. salonitana (S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Jadro softmouth trout)
- S. o. zetenzis (Hadžišče, 1961) (Zeta softmouth trout)
- Salmo ohridanus Steindachner, 1892 (Ohrid trout)
- Salmo okumusi Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 (Western Euphrates trout) [7]
- Salmo opimus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 [5]
- †Salmo pallaryi Pellegrin, 1924 (Sidi Ali trout)
- Salmo pelagonicus S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Pelagonian trout)
- Salmo pellegrini F. Werner, 1931 (Tensift trout) [8]
- Salmo peristericus S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Prespa trout)
- Salmo platycephalus Behnke, 1968 (flathead trout)
- Salmo rhodanensis Fowler, 1974 (Rhône trout)
- Salmo rizeensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 (Rize River trout) [6]
- Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic salmon)
- Salmo schiefermuelleri Bloch, 1784 (Austrian Lakes trout)
- Salmo stomachicus Günther, 1866 (Gillaroo trout)
- Salmo taleri (S. L. Karaman, 1933) (Zeta trout)
- Salmo tigridis Turan, Kottelat & Bektaş, 2011 (Upper Tigris trout)
- Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758
- Salmo viridis Doadrio, Perea & Yahyaoui, 2015 (green trout) [8]
- Salmo visovacensis Taler, 1950
- Salmo zrmanjaensis Karaman, 1938
Turan, D.; Kottelat, M.; Engin, S. (2012). "The trouts of the Mediterranean drainages of southern Anatolia, Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 23 (3): 219–236.
Turan, D.; Kottelat, M.; Engin, S. (2010). "Two new species of trouts, resident and migratory, sympatric in streams of northern Anatolia (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 20 (4): 333–364.
Turan, D.; Kottelat, M.; Engin, S. (2014). "Two new species of trouts from the Euphrates drainage, Turkey (Teleostei: Salmonidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 24 (3): 275–288.
Doadrio, I.; Perea, S.; Yahyaoui, A. (2015). "Two new species of atlantic trout (Actinopterygii, Salmonidae) from Morocco". Graellsia. 71 (2): e031. doi:10.3989/graellsia.2015.v71.142.
