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Società Polisportiva Ars et Labor, commonly referred to by the acronym SPAL (Italian pronunciation: [spal]), is a professional football club based in Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The team plays in Serie C, the third tier of the Italian football league system.
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| Full name | Società Polisportiva Ars et Labor | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickname(s) | I Biancazzurri (The White and Blues)[1] Gli Estensi (The House of Este)[2] | ||
| Founded | 1907 as Circolo Ars et Labor 2005 (refounded) 2012 (refounded) | ||
| Ground | Stadio Paolo Mazza, Ferrara, Italy | ||
| Capacity | 16,134[3] | ||
| Owner | Tacollano Holdings LLC[4] | ||
| Chairman | Joe Tacopina | ||
| Head coach | Andrea Dossena | ||
| League | Serie C Group B | ||
| 2023–24 | Serie C Group B, 11th of 20 | ||
| Website | http://www.spalferrara.it/ | ||
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Founded in 1907, since 1928 they have played their home matches at Stadio Paolo Mazza, named after Paolo Mazza (chairman of the club 1946–1977).
In total, SPAL have participated in 24 top-tier, 28 second-tier, 43 third-tier, 7 fourth-tier and 1 fifth-tier league seasons. The club's best finish was when they came fifth in the 1959–60 Serie A; they also reached the 1961–62 Coppa Italia final.
The club is chaired by the American lawyer and businessman Joe Tacopina, the current manager is Andrea Dossena.
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From foundation to World War II
The club was founded in March 1907 as Circolo Ars et Labor (Latin for Art and Work Club) by the Salesian priest Pietro Acerbis. In the early stages, it was mainly a cultural and religious association, then in 1913 it became a multi-sports company, taking the name of Società Polisportiva Ars et Labor (Latin for Sports Club Society of Art and Work) The team began its professional activity under the aegis of the Italian Football Federation (Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio) in 1919, competing in the second-tier tournament.
SPAL played in the top flight league from 1920 to 1925, reaching the qualification playoff for the National Finals in 1921–22. From 1925 until the Second World War, they played in Serie B and Serie C: in this period, the club's all-time top striker Mario Romani scored 130 goals in 189 games during two different periods with the white-blues (1925–32 and 1937–38).
Between 1939 and 1943 the club temporarily changed its name to Associazione Calcio Ferrara, wearing the black and white colours of the city. After the suspension of the championships due to war, in 1945 the club returned to the name SPAL and to the light blue and white kits.
The golden period in Serie A
In 1946 Paolo Mazza became chairman of the club. After five consecutive seasons in Serie B, SPAL won promotion to Serie A after finishing the championship first in 1950–51. The white-blues subsequently stayed in the top division for most of the 1950s and 1960s, competing in 16 out of 17 Serie A seasons from 1951 to 1968.[5]
SPAL finished fifth in 1959–60, thus obtaining the best placement in its history. Also, in 1961–62 they played in the Coppa Italia final, losing against Napoli. In the early stages of 1962–63 season, in which the club finished in eighth place, the white and blues reached the top of the league table. During those years, the club was a launchpad for many young players, among them Fabio Capello.
In 1963–64 they were relegated to Serie B, but they came back to Serie A after only one year, and remained in the top division until 1968. At the end of the last season in the top flight, SPAL won the Cup of Italian-Swiss Friendship.
From 1970s to 21st century
During 1970s, 1980s and 1990s SPAL played mostly in Serie B and Serie C/C1.
Paolo Mazza quit the presidency in December 1976 and was replaced by Primo Mazzanti. The former chairman died in December 1981 and three months later Ferrara's Stadio Comunale was named after him.
In 1990, Giovanni Donigaglia became chairman of the club: between 1990 and 1992 SPAL obtained back-to-back promotions from Serie C2 to Serie B, under the management of Giovan Battista Fabbri. Donigaglia left the presidency in 2002 with the squad in Serie C1. He was replaced by Lino di Nardo.
Recent years
The club went bankrupt in 2005,[6] and were reformed as SPAL 1907, under the terms of Article 52 of N.O.I.F.[7] In the summer of 2012, after suffering a second bankruptcy, the club was refounded for the second time as Real SPAL and would begin life in Serie D[8] under the same N.O.I.F. article.[9]
At the end of the 2012–13 season the club took back its original name. Giacomense, a club founded in 1967 at Masi San Giacomo, a frazione of Masi Torello, had moved to the city of Ferrara; on 12 July 2013, owner Roberto Benasciutti made a deal with the Colombarini family for a merger between SPAL and Giacomense, with the latter giving its sports title to SPAL and continuing to play in Ferrara. The club initially adopted the name S.P.A.L. 2013, in order to continue the football history of the whiteblues, then they took back the original denomination of S.P.A.L.. Walter Mattioli became president, with Simone and Francesco Colombarini as main shareholders.
They finished the 2013–14 Lega Pro Seconda Divisione season in sixth place, thus qualifying for the inaugural unified 2014–15 Lega Pro season. In 2015–16, the squad won promotion to Serie B for the first time since the 1992–93 season, after finishing first in group B of the Lega Pro. The following year they came first in Serie B, thus obtaining promotion to Serie A after a 49-year absence.[10] In their first season back in Serie A, SPAL avoided relegation by finishing in 17th place.[11] At the end of the 2018–19 season they confirmed their presence in the top flight for a third consecutive year, finishing 13th. The club had mixed fortunes in the 2019–20 season and, after gaining just 15 points in 23 games, coach Leonardo Semplici was dismissed in February 2020, replaced by Luigi Di Biagio.[12] SPAL were relegated to Serie B, finishing in last place with 20 points. The club reached the 2020–21 Coppa Italia quarter-finals, becoming the only team from Serie B to advance to that stage in the competition.
In August 2021, the club was acquired by the American lawyer and businessman Joe Tacopina. Some media say that the real owners behind Mr. Tacopina are brothers Alessandro Bazzoni and Lorenzo Bazzoni, Italian businessmen presumed to be linked with the government of Nicolas Maduro.[13][14] SPAL was relegated to Serie C at the end of the 2022–23 season.[15] On January 25, 2024, Tacopina revealed the name of the new co-owner of the club, American broker and businessman Marcello Follano, with whom he founded a new parent company controlling SPAL, Tacollano Holdings LLC.[16]
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The team's colours are light blue and white, which derive from the Salesians' emblem. The home kit, since 1962, has been composed of a vertical striped light blue-white shirt, white trainers and white socks. The only exception to light blue and white was when the club adopted a black and white kit between 1939 and 1943 (when it was named A.C. Ferrara), in honour of Ferrara's civic colours.
The team's badge features an oval-shaped light blue escutcheon, with a white band in the upper section, on which is written the acronym S.P.A.L. in golden characters. Also, in the lower section, the black and white emblem of the city is featured. From 1980 until mid-1990s, the official badge featured a fawn, another symbol of the club.[17]
SPAL's most common nicknames are Biancazzurri (from the club colours, light blue and white) and Estensi (from the House of Este, ancient European noble dynasty that ruled Ferrara from 1264 to 1598).[18]
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- Campo di Piazza d'Armi (1919–28)
- Stadio Paolo Mazza (1928–)
The current home ground of SPAL is the 16,134 seater Stadio Paolo Mazza. The stadium was opened in September 1928 as Stadio Comunale, then took on its current name in February 1982, in honour of the former president of the club Paolo Mazza, who died two months earlier.
Initially it had a capacity of 4,000. Then, in concomitance with the promotion of SPAL to Serie A, in 1951 it was subjected to a heavy restructuring that brought capacity to 25,000. Between 1960s and 1980s it was renovated again, reducing the number of possible spectators to 22,000 until the mid-2000s.
From 2005 to 2016 the stadium capacity was limited to 7,500 due to safety reasons and cost containment. In 2016–17, after the club's promotion to Serie B and then to Serie A, the stadium was restructured again to match the modern needs of comfort and safety. In the summer of 2018 a further remodeling took place, in order to bring the total capacity from 13,135 seats to 16,134.[19]
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Current squad
- As of 3 September 2024[26]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Youth sector
SPAL Primavera players that received a first-team squad call-up during the current season.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Out on loan
- As of 3 September 2024
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Captains
Below a chronological list of SPAL captains since 1950.[28]
| Name | Years | Name | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
 Giovanni Emiliani | 1950–53 | Marcello Castoldi | 1953–54 |
| Edoardo Dal Pos | 1954–59 |  Oscar Massei | 1959–61 |
| Sergio Cervato | 1961–65 | Oscar Massei | 1965–68 |
| Carlo Dell'Omodarme | 1968–69 | Enrico Cairoli | Jul. 1969–Oct. 1973 |
| Lucio Mongardi | Oct. 1973–Jun. 1975 | Sergio Reggiani | 1975–76 |
| Ottavio Bianchi | 1976–77 | Franco Pezzato | 1977–79 |
| Mauro Gibellini | 1979–81 | Rosario Rampanti | 1981–82 |
| Mirco Brilli | 1982–83 | Giuseppe De Gradi | 1983–85 |
| Elio Gustinetti | 1985–86 | Fabio Perinelli | 1986–87 |
| Arturo Vianello | 1987–88 | Massimo Pellegrini | 1988–89 |
| Francesco Cini | 1989–90 | Franco Fabbri | 1990–91 |
| Giuseppe Brescia | 1991–93 | Andrea Mangoni | 1993–94 |
| Giuseppe Brescia | 1994–96 | Eugenio Sgarbossa | 1996–97 |
| Fausto Pari | 1997–98 | Alfonso Greco | 1998–99 |
| Massimo Gadda | 1999–00 | Emanuele Cancellato | Jul. 2000–Jan. 2002 |
| Cristian Servidei | Jan. 2002–Jun. 2002 | Francesco Zanoncelli | 2002–03 |
| Manuel Milana | 2003–06 |  David Sesa | 2006–08 |
| Luis Fernando Centi | Jul. 2008–Feb. 2009 | Marco Zamboni | Feb. 2009–Jun. 2012 |
| Davide Marchini | 2012–13 | Massimiliano Varricchio | 2013–14 |
| Nicolas Giani | 2014–17 | Luca Mora | Jul. 2017–Jan. 2018 |
| Mirco Antenucci | Jan. 2018–Jun. 2019 | Sergio Floccari | 2019–21 |
| Francesco Vicari | 2021–22 | Salvatore Esposito | Jul. 2022–Jan. 2023 |
| Lorenzo Dickmann | Jan. 2023–Jul.2023 | Mirco Antenucci | Jul. 2023– |
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| Position | Staff |
|---|---|
| Head of technical staff | Alex Casella |
| Head coach | Andrea Dossena |
| Deputy head coach | Samuele Olivi |
| Technical assistant | Emanuele Dogliani |
| Technical assistant | Riccardo Leardi |
| Match analyst | Mario Enrico Braco |
| Goalkeeping coach | Massimo Di Pasquale |
| Fitness coach | Mauro Franzetti |
| Injury recovery | Carlo Oliani |
| Team manager | Alessio Cirulli |
| Head of medical staff | Fabrizio Aggio |
| Physiotherapist | Marcello Bertolani |
| Physiotherapist | Piero Bortolin |
| Physiotherapist | Daniele Zannini |
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SPAL have had several presidents (chairmen) (Italian: presidenti, lit. 'presidents' or Italian: presidenti del consiglio di amministrazione, lit. 'chairmen of the board of directors') over the course of their history. Some of them have been the main shareholder of the club. The longest-serving is Paolo Mazza.[29][30]
| Name | Years | Name | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
 Don Pietro Acerbis | 1907–11 | Conte Buosi | 1911–12 |
| Aminta Gulinati | 1912–15 | Antonio Santini | 1919–21 |
| Enrico Bassani | 1921–24 | Gaetano Ridolfi | 1924–27 |
| Giannino Bonfiglioli | 1927–28 | On. Ferri | 1928–31 |
| Giuseppe Turbiani Carlo Osti | 1931–32 | Comm. Gandini | 1932–33 |
| Umberto Barbè Giulio Divisi | 1933–34 | Luigi Orsi | 1934–35 |
| Giovanni Argazzi | 1935–36 | Nino Fiorini | 1936–37 |
| Angelo Vissoli | 1937–39 | Annio Bignardi | 1939–41 |
| Augusto Caniato | 1941–43 | Edmondo Bucci | 1945–46 |
| Paolo Mazza | 1946–77 | Primo Mazzanti | 1977–85 |
| Giorgio Rossatti | 1985–86 | Francesco Nicolini | 1986–89 |
| Albersano Ravani | 1989–90 | Giovanni Donigaglia | 1990–96 |
| Vanni Guzzinati | 1996–97 | Giovanni Donigaglia | 1997–02 |
| Lino Di Nardo | 2002–05 | Gianfranco Tomasi | 2005–08 |
| Cesare Butelli | 2008–12 | Roberto Ranzani | 2012–13 |
| Walter Mattioli | 2013–21 |  Joe Tacopina | 2021– |
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SPAL have had many managers and head coaches throughout their history, below is a chronological list of them.[31][30]
| Name | Years | Name | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carlo Marchiandi | 1919–22 |  Armand Halmos | 1922–23 |
| Giuseppe Ticozzelli | 1923–24 |  Walter Alt | 1924–27 |
| Carlo Osti Carlo Marchiandi | 1927–28 | Béla Károly | 1928–29 |
| György Hlavay | 1929–31 | Francesco Mattuteia Adolf Mora Murer | 1931–32 |
| Walter Alt | 1933–34 | Mihály Balacics | 1934–35 |
| György Hlavay Guido Testolina | 1935–36 | Paolo Mazza | 1936–37 |
| Euro Riparbelli | 1937–39 | Paolo Mazza | 1939–42 |
| Giorgio Armari Bruno Maini | 1942–43 |  József Viola | Jul. 1945–Jun. 1946 |
| Guido Testolina | Jul. 1946–Jun. 1947 | Giuseppe Marchi | Jul. 1947–Jun. 1948 |
| Bruno Vale | Jul. 1948–Jun. 1949 | Antonio Janni | Jul. 1949–Jun. 1954 |
| Bruno Biagini | Jul. 1954–Jun. 1955 | Fioravante Baldi | Jul. 1955–Jun. 1956 |
| Paolo Tabanelli | Jul. 1956–Jun. 1958 | Fioravante Baldi | Jul. 1958–Apr. 1960 |
| Serafino Montanari | Apr. 1960–Jun. 1960 | Luigi Ferrero | Jul. 1960–Sep. 1961 |
| Serafino Montanari | Sep. 1961–Apr. 1963 | Aurelio Marchese | Apr. 1963–Jun. 1963 |
| Giacomo Blason | Jul. 1963–Apr. 1964 | Giovan Battista Fabbri | Apr. 1964–Nov. 1964 |
| Francesco Petagna | Nov. 1964–Oct. 1968 | Serafino Montanari | Oct. 1968–May 1969 |
| Giovan Battista Fabbri | May 1969–Oct. 1969 | Tito Corsi | Oct. 1969–Jun. 1970 |
| Cesare Meucci | Jul. 1970–Jun. 1972 | Eugenio Fantini | Jul. 1972–Oct. 1972 |
| Mario Caciagli | Oct. 1972–Jan. 1975 | Guido Capello | Jan. 1975–Jun. 1975 |
| Francesco Petagna | Jul. 1975–Dec. 1975 | Umberto Pinardi | Dec. 1975–Feb. 1976 |
| Guido Capello | Feb. 1976–Nov. 1976 | Giovanni Ballico | Nov. 1976–Dec. 1976 |
| Ottavio Bugatti | Dec. 1976–Feb. 1977 |  Luis Suárez | Feb. 1977–Jun. 1977 |
| Mario Caciagli | Jul. 1977–Jun. 1980 | Battista Rota | Jul. 1980–Mar. 1982 |
| Ugo Tomeazzi | Mar. 1982–Jun. 1982 | Gaetano Salvemini | Jul. 1982–Dec. 1982 |
| Giovanni Seghedoni | Dec. 1982–Jun. 1983 | Giovanni Galeone | Jul. 1983–Oct. 1984 |
| Giancarlo Danova | Oct. 1984–Dec. 1984 | Giovanni Galeone | Dec. 1984–Jun. 1986 |
| Ferruccio Mazzola | Jul. 1986–Jun. 1987 | Giancarlo Cella | Jul. 1987–Nov. 1987 |
| Giovan Battista Fabbri | Nov. 1987–Jun. 1988 | Giorgio Veneri | Jul. 1988–Dec. 1988 |
| Francesco Paolo Specchia | Dec. 1988–Jun. 1989 | Luciano Magistrelli | Jul. 1989–Jan. 1990 |
| Nello Santin | Jan. 1990–Jun. 1990 | Paolo Lombardo | Jul. 1990–Feb. 1991 |
| Giovan Battista Fabbri | Feb. 1991–Oct. 1992 | Rino Marchesi | Oct. 1992–Apr. 1993 |
| Giovan Battista Fabbri | Apr. 1993–Jun. 1993 | Gian Cesare Discepoli | Jul. 1993–Jan. 1995 |
| Vincenzo Guerini | Jan. 1995–Sep. 1995 | Salvatore Bianchetti | Sep. 1995–Feb. 1997 |
| Alfredo Magni | Feb. 1997–Jun. 1997 | Gianni De Biasi | Jul. 1997–Jun. 1999 |
| Giancarlo D'Astoli | Jul. 1999–Jun. 2000 | Alessandro Scanziani | Jul. 2000–Nov. 2000 |
| Mauro Melotti | Nov. 2000–Nov. 2001 | Fabio Perinelli | Nov. 2001–Mar. 2002 |
| Mauro Melotti | Mar. 2002–Jun. 2002 | Walter De Vecchi | Jul. 2002–Oct. 2002 |
| Giuliano Sonzogni | Oct. 2002–Oct. 2003 | Gian Cesare Discepoli | Oct. 2003–Jun. 2004 |
| Massimiliano Allegri | Jul. 2004–Jun. 2005 | Paolo Beruatto | Jul. 2005–Feb. 2006 |
| Walter Nicoletti | Feb. 2006–Jun. 2006 | Leonardo Rossi | Jul. 2006–Jun. 2007 |
| Francesco Buglio | Jul. 2007–Feb. 2008 | Roberto Labardi | Feb. 2008 |
| Angelo Alessio | Feb. 2008–Jun. 2008 | Aldo Dolcetti | Jul. 2008–Nov. 2009 |
| Egidio Notaristefano | Nov. 2009–Feb. 2011 | Gian Marco Remondina | Feb. 2011–Jun. 2011 |
| Stefano Vecchi | Jul. 2011–Jun. 2012 | David Sassarini | Jul. 2012–Jun. 2013 |
| Leonardo Rossi | Jul. 2013–Oct. 2013 | Massimo Gadda | Oct. 2013–Jun. 2014 |
| Oscar Brevi | Jul. 2014–Dec. 2014 | Leonardo Semplici | Dec. 2014–Feb. 2020 |
| Luigi Di Biagio | Feb. 2020–Aug. 2020 | Pasquale Marino | Aug. 2020–Mar. 2021 |
| Massimo Rastelli | Mar. 2021–Jun. 2021 | Pep Clotet | Jul. 2021–Jan. 2022 |
| Roberto Venturato | Jan. 2022–Oct. 2022 | Daniele De Rossi | Oct. 2022–Feb. 2023 |
| Massimo Oddo | Feb. 2023–Jun. 2023 | Domenico Di Carlo | Jul. 2023–Oct. 2023 |
| Leonardo Colucci | Oct. 2023–Feb. 2024 | Domenico Di Carlo | Feb. 2024–Jun. 2024 |
| Andrea Dossena | Jul. 2024– |
League
Below is a table showing the participation of SPAL in the Italian football leagues.[32]
| Level | Tournament | Participations | Debut season | Last season | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1º | Prima Categoria | 2 | 1920–21 | 1921–22 | 24 |
| Prima Divisione | 3 | 1922–23 | 1924–25 | ||
| Serie A | 19 | 1951–52 | 2019–20 | ||
| 2º | Seconda Divisione | 1 | 1925–26 | 28 | |
| Prima Divisione | 3 | 1926–27 | 1928–29 | ||
| Serie B | 24 | 1933–34 | 2022–23 | ||
| 3º | Prima Divisione | 4 | 1929–30 | 1932–33 | 43 |
| Serie B-C Alta Italia | 1 | 1945–46 | |||
| Serie C | 13 | 1936–37 | 2024–25 | ||
| Serie C1 | 19 | 1982–83 | 2004–05 | ||
| Lega Pro Prima Divisione | 4 | 2008–09 | 2011–12 | ||
| Lega Pro | 2 | 2014–15 | 2015–16 | ||
| 4º | Serie C2 | 6 | 1989–90 | 2007–08 | 7 |
| Lega Pro Seconda Divisione | 1 | 2013–14 | |||
| 5º | Serie D | 1 | 2012–13 | 1 | |
Individual
Below is a table showing the recordmen of matches played and goals scored for SPAL in the Italian football leagues.[32]
League appearances
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League goals
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Below is a list of titles and cups won by SPAL throughout their history.[29]
Domestic
League titles
Cups
- Coppa Italia
- Runners-up (1): 1961–62
- Coppa Italia Serie C
- Winners (1): 1998–99
- Runners-up (1): 1988–89
- Supercoppa di Serie C / Lega Pro
- Winners (1): 2016
European
- Cup of Italian-Swiss Friendship
- Winners (1): 1968
Youth
- Campionato Primavera Serie B
- Winners (1): 1964–65
- Campionato De Martino Serie A
- Winners (1): 1967–68
- Campionato Nazionale Under-18
- Winners (2): 2021–22, 2022–23
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