Rupatadine

Rupatadine is a second generation antihistamine and platelet-activating factor antagonist used to treat allergies. It was discovered and developed by Uriach [es]^[3] and is marketed as Rupafin and under several other trade names.

Rupatadine

Clinical data
Trade names	Rupafin, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Routes of administration	By mouth
ATC code	R06AX28 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	CA: ℞-only[1] EU: Rx-only[2] In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	98–99%
Metabolism	Liver, CYP-mediated
Elimination half-life	5.9 hours
Excretion	34.6% urine, 60.9% faeces
Identifiers
IUPAC name 8-Chloro-6,11-dihydro-11-[1-[(5-methyl-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-4-piperidinylidene]-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine fumarate
CAS Number	158876-82-5 N (free base) 182349-12-8 (fumarate)
PubChem CID	133017
DrugBank	DB11614 N
ChemSpider	117388 Y
UNII	2AE8M83G3E
KEGG	D07407 N
ChEBI	CHEBI:135673
ChEMBL	ChEMBL91397 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00166534
ECHA InfoCard	100.260.389
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C26H26ClN3
Molar mass	415.97 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES Clc1cc5c(cc1)\C(=C3/CCN(Cc2cncc(c2)C)CC3)c4ncccc4CC5
InChI InChI=1S/C26H26ClN3/c1-18-13-19(16-28-15-18)17-30-11-8-20(9-12-30)25-24-7-6-23(27)14-22(24)5-4-21-3-2-10-29-26(21)25/h2-3,6-7,10,13-16H,4-5,8-9,11-12,17H2,1H3 Y Key:WUZYKBABMWJHDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Rupafin (Rupatadine) tablets

Medical uses

Rupatadine fumarate has been approved for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria in adults and children over 12 years. It is available as round, light salmon coloured tablets containing 10 mg of rupatadine (as fumarate) to be administered orally, once a day.^[4]

The efficacy of rupatadine as treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) has been investigated in adults and adolescents (aged over 12 years) in several controlled studies, showing a rapid onset of action and a good safety profile even in prolonged treatment periods of a year.^[5][6][7]

Side effects

Rupatadine is a non-sedating antihistamine. However, as in other non sedating second-generation antihistamines, the most common side effects in controlled clinical studies were somnolence, headaches and fatigue.

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action

Rupatadine is a second generation, non-sedating, long-acting histamine antagonist with selective peripheral H₁ receptor antagonist activity. It further blocks the receptors of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) according to in vitro and in vivo studies.^[8]

Rupatadine possesses anti-allergic properties such as the inhibition of the degranulation of mast cells induced by immunological and non-immunological stimuli, and inhibition of the release of cytokines, particularly of the tumor necrosis factors (TNF) in human mast cells and monocytes.^[5]

Pharmacokinetics

Rupatadine has several active metabolites such as desloratadine, 3-hydroxydesloratadine,^[9] 5-hydroxydesloratadine and 6-hydroxydesloratadine.^[10]

History

Rupatadine discovery, pre-clinical and clinical development was performed by Uriach, a Spanish pharmaceutical company. It was launched in 2003 in Spain under the brand name of Rupafin. It was launched in Canada under the name Rupall.^[11]

Brand names

Brand names include Rupafin, Rupall,^[11] Rupanase, Rinialer, Pafinur, Rupax, Urtimed, Wystamm and Ralif, Rupita (EURO Pharma Ltd.)among others.^[12]