Ruegeria

In taxonomy, Ruegeria is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.^[1] This genus was formerly known as the marine Agrobacterium before they were reclassified in 1998. It bears in fact the name of Hans-Jürgen Rüger, a German microbiologist, for his contribution to the taxonomy of marine species of Agrobacterium.^[2]

Ruegeria
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Pseudomonadota
Class:	Alphaproteobacteria
Order:	Rhodobacterales
Family:	Rhodobacteraceae
Genus:	Ruegeria Uchino et al. 1999
Type species
Ruegeria atlantica (Rüger and Höfle 1992) Uchino et al. 1999
Species[1]
Ruegeria arenilitoris Park and Yoon 2013 Ruegeria atlantica (Rüger and Höfle 1992) Uchino et al. 1999 Ruegeria conchae Lee et al. 2012 Ruegeria denitrificans Arahal et al. 2018 Ruegeria faecimaris Oh et al. 2011 "Ruegeria haliotis" Cao et al. 2021 Ruegeria halocynthiae Kim et al. 2012 Ruegeria intermedia Kämpfer et al. 2013 Ruegeria lacuscaerulensis (Petursdottir and Kristjansson 1999) Yi et al. 2007 Ruegeria litorea (Lucena et al. 2014) Wirth and Whitman 2018 Ruegeria marina Huo et al. 2011 Ruegeria marisrubri Zhang et al. 2017 Ruegeria mediterranea (Lucena et al. 2014) Wirth and Whitman 2018 Ruegeria meonggei Kim et al. 2014 Ruegeria meteori (Rüger and Höfle 1992) Hördt et al. 2020 Ruegeria pomeroyi (González et al. 2003) Yi et al. 2007 Ruegeria profundi Zhang et al. 2017 Ruegeria sediminis Baek et al. 2020
Synonyms
Silicibacter Petursdottir and Kristjansson 1999

Characteristics

The genus is characterised by members who are:^[3]

• Gram-negative (like all Proteobacteria)
• ovoid to rod-shaped cells 0.6–1.6 × 1.0–4.0 μm
• motile by polar flagella, or nonmotile
• non-sporeformers
• aerobic
• oxidase and catalase positive
• are incapable of photosynthetic growth
• bacteriochlorophyll a is absent
• major quinone is ubiquinone 10
• mol% G+C of the DNA is 55–59
• member of the family Rhodobacteraceae, which is phenotypically, metabolically, ecologically diverse and defined based on 16S sequences data

Phylogenetically it is very close to the genus Silicibacter, but the two remain separate species due to phenotypic differences — two species for which this is problematic are Ruegeria lacuscaerulensis and Ruegeria pomeroyi.^[4][5]

Two species that have been removed from the genus are Marinovum algicola (Ruegeria algicola) and Thalassobius gelatinovorus (Ruegeria gelatinovora).^{[6][and refs therein]}

Small non-coding RNAs

Highly abundant bacterial small RNAs have been shown to be present in the bacteria subjected to chronic nutrient limitation. In Ruegeria pomeroyi RNAseq analysis identified 99 putative sRNAs.^[7] The bacterial sRNAs regulatory mechanisms are typically based on direct RNA-RNA interaction with a target mRNA.^[8] The target gene groups identified by Rivers et al. were genes involved in transport, genes mediating cell-cell interactions, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation.

References

1. "LPSN entry for Ruegeria". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
2. Uchino Y, Hirata A, Yokota A, Sugiyama J (1998). "Reclassification of marine Agrobacterium species: proposals of Stappia stellulata gen. nov., comb. nov., Stappia aggregata sp. nov., nom. rev., Ruegeria atlantica gen. nov., comb. nov., Ruegeria gelatinovora comb. nov., Ruegeria algicola comb. nov., and Ahrensia kieliense gen. nov., sp. nov., nom. rev". J Gen Appl Microbiol. 44 (3): 201–210. doi:10.2323/jgam.44.201. PMID 12501429.
3. Don J. Brenner; Noel R. Krieg; James T. Staley (July 26, 2005) [1984(Williams & Wilkins)]. George M. Garrity (ed.). The Proteobacteria. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 2C (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. pp. 1388. ISBN 978-0-387-24145-6. British Library no. GBA561951.
4. YI (H.), LIM (Y.W.) and CHUN (J.): Taxonomic evaluation of the genera Ruegeria and Silicibacter: a proposal to transfer the genus Silicibacter Petursdottir and Kristjansson 1999 to the genus Ruegeria Uchino et al. 1999. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 815-819.
5. MURAMATSU (Y.), UCHINO (Y.), KASAI (H.), SUZUKI (K.) and NAKAGAWA (Y.): Ruegeria mobilis sp. nov., a member of the Alphaproteobacteria isolated in Japan and Palau. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 1304-1309
6. Ruegeria in LPSN; Parte, Aidan C.; Sardà Carbasse, Joaquim; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Reimer, Lorenz C.; Göker, Markus (1 November 2020). "List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (11): 5607–5612. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004332.
7. Rivers, Adam R.; Burns, Andrew S.; Chan, Leong-Keat; Moran, Mary Ann (2016-01-01). "Experimental Identification of Small Non-Coding RNAs in the Model Marine Bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3". Frontiers in Microbiology. 7: 380. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00380. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 4809877. PMID 27065955.
8. Gottesman, Susan; Storz, Gisela (2011-12-01). "Bacterial Small RNA Regulators: Versatile Roles and Rapidly Evolving Variations". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 3 (12): a003798. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a003798. ISSN 1943-0264. PMC 3225950. PMID 20980440.

Further reading

Scientific journals

• Martens T, Heidorn T, Pukall R, Simon M, Tindall BJ, Brinkhoff T (2006). "Reclassification of Roseobacter gallaeciensis Ruiz-Ponte et al. 1998 as Phaeobacter gallaeciensis gen. nov., comb. nov., description of Phaeobacter inhibens sp. nov., antibiotic-producing members of the Roseobacter clade, reclassification of Ruegeria algicola (Lafay et al. 1995) Uchino et al. 1998 as Marinovum algicola gen. nov., comb. nov., and emended descriptions of the genera Roseobacter, Ruegeria and Leisingera". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56 (Pt 6): 1293–1304. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63724-0. PMID 16738106.

Scientific books

• Garrity GM, Holt JG (2001). "Taxonomic Outline of the Archaea and Bacteria". In DR Boone, RW Castenholz (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 155–166. ISBN 978-0-387-98771-2.