The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pedena (Latin: Dioecesis Petinensis) was a Catholic diocese located in the town of Pedena (modern day Pićan) in the central part of Istria, Croatia, 12 km southeast of Pazin. Pedena is now the name of a Latin titular see.
The date of the establishment of the Diocese of Pedena (Italian) / Petina (Latin) / Pican (Croat) / Petinen(sis) (Latin adjective) cannot be discerned, based on current evidence.[1] It was in existence by the second half of the 6th century.
In 996, the Emperor Otto III confirmed the suffragan status of the diocese of Pedena with regard to the Patriarchate of Aquileia.[2]
On 2 April 1237, Pope Gregory IX wrote to the bishop of Emona (Cittanova) and the bishop-elect of Trieste, expressing his concern that the diocese of Aquileia was far too extensive for the patriarch to administer it adequately, particularly the eastern parts in the neighborhood of Hungary, in which he could not perform visitations. There were vacancies of pastors and people were dying without being anointed, or were suffering without having sufficient spiritual care, so that they were falling into error. The patriarch had suggested that the seat of the bishop of Pedena be moved to the monastery of Obremburch (Oberburgense, Ottemburg), which was directly subject to the Patriarchate. The two prelates were ordered to investigate the situation of Aquileia and of Pedena, to see whether a mutually agreeable solution to the problems could be worked out.[3] Nothing further is known, except that the seat of the diocese was not moved.
In 1766, the city of Pedena was inhabited by c. 200 Catholics. The entire diocese contained 24 loca. The cathedral of Pedena was dedicated to Saint Nicephorus (Nikefor). The new cathedral was built on its ruins in the 14th century, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was staffed and administered by one dignity, the Archdeacon, and three canons, later reduced to two.[4] It is currently the parish church of the village, and Mass is celebrated in Old Church Slavonic.
From 1788, a series of administrative changes took place in northeastern Italy. The bishop of Pedena, Aldrago Antonin de Piccardi had been transferred to the diocese of Senj e Modruš (Croatia) on 14 February 1785, and was not replaced. On 20 August 1788, diocese of Pedena, was suppressed, and its territory was added to that of Gradisca.[5] Under pressure from Emperor Joseph II, Pope Pius VI then abolished the diocese of Trieste and Archdiocese of Gorizia in 1788, merging them into the new diocese of Gradisca.[6]
In 1969, the name "Pedena" was revived, as the name of a Titular Episcopal See.
To 1300
- ...
- [Nicephorus (524)][7]
- [Theodorus (546)][8]
- Marcianus (attested 571–577)[9]
- ...
- Ursinianus (attested 670)[10]
- ...
- Fredebertus (attested 961–966)[11]
- ...
- Stephanus (attested 1015)[12]
- ...
- Voldaricus (attested 1031)[13]
- ...
- ...
- Gotpoldus (attested 1136)[15]
- ...
- Conradus (attested 1170)[16]
- Federicus (attested 1175–1176)[17]
- Poppo (attested 1180–1188)[18]
- ...
- Vigardus (attested 1200)[19]
- Federico (1200 – 1203)
- Popone (attested 1213 – 1231)[20]
- Sede vacante (1238)[21]
- Pietro di Montemarte (1239? – ?)
- Enrico (attested 1253)[22]
- Otone da Parenzo (attested 1254)[23]
- Bernardo (1263? – ?)
- Vixardus (attested 1267)[24]
- Bernardo (1275? – 1284?)
- Ulrico (1295 – ?)[25]
1300 to 1500
- Odorisio Bertrami, O.P. (1300 – death 1310)[26]
- Enoch, O.E.S.A. (attested 1310)
- Demetrius (c. 1324)
- Guglielmo (1339?–1343)[27]
- Amantius, O.F.M. Conv. (1343)[28]
- Stanislao da Cracovia, O.P. (21 April 1343 – ?)
- Demetrio dei Matafari (1345 – 1354)[29]
- Nicolò (attested 1354)[30]
- Lorenzo (attested 19 April 1372)
- Andrea Bon (1394 – 1396) Roman Obedience[31]
- Enrico de Wildenstein, O.F.M. (1396 – ?) Roman Obedience[32]
- ...
- Paolo de Nostero, O.E.S.A. (23 August 1409 – ?)[33]
- Giovanni Straus, O.F.M. (18 August 1411 – ?)[34]
- Gregorio di Carinzia, O.E.S.A. (14 February 1418 – ?)
- Nicolò (1430 – death 1434)
- Pietro Giustiniani, O.P. (10 September 1434 – 1457)[35]
- Martino da Ljubljana (1445 – 1447) uncanonical[36]
- Jakob Krainburg (4 January 1457 – ?)[37]
- Konrad Arensteiner (2 December 1461 – death 1465)[38]
- Michele (7 June 1465 – 1478)
- Giorgio Maninger (31 January 1491 – ?)
The name but not the actual diocese was revived in 1969, as the Latin Titular bishopric of Pićan (Hrvatski) / Pedena (Italian) / Petina (Latin) / Petinen(sis) (Latin adjective).
It has had the following incumbents:[57]
- Titular Archbishop: Josip Pavlišić (20 August 1969 – 18 April 1974)[58]
- John Edward McCarthy (21 January 1979 – 19 December 1985)[59]
- Rafael Palmero Ramos (24 November 1987 – 9 January 1996)[60]
- Reinhard Marx (23 July 1996 – 20 December 2001)[61]
- Valentin Pozaić, S.J. (2 February 2005 – 15 May 2023)[62]
Paul Fridolin Kehr, Italia pontificia Vol. VII. 2 (Berlin: Weidmann 1925), p. 240: "Origines Petenensis sive Petinensis episcopatus, licet de antiquitate eius dubitari nequeat, in tenebris latent."
Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Diplomatum regum et imperatorum Germaniae, Vol. II (Hannover: Hahn 1893), pp. 626-627, no. 215: "... confirmamus atque largimur iam dictae sanctae Aquilegensi aecclesiae atque Iohanni predicto venerabili patriarchae suisque successoribus suprascriptos episcopatus sex, unum videlicet Concordiensem, alium Utinensem, tertium illum qui apud Civitatem novam Histriae constitutus esse noscitur, quartum vero Ruginensem, quintum Petenensem, sextum Tarsaticensem." Agostino Theiner, Vetera monumenta Slavorum meridionalem historiam illustrantia, (in Latin), Vol. 1 (Rome: Typis Vaticanis 1863), pp. 75-76, no. 91. Paul Fridolin Kehr, Italia pontificia Vol. VII. 2 (Berlin: Weidmann 1925), p. 240; Vol. VII. 1, p. 15: "In Styria australi: monasterium b. Mariae in Oberburg ord. s. Benedicti a Peregrine patriarcha et Diepaldo de Chagere a. 1140 conditum."
Ughelli V, p. 470. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 334, note 1.
Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 334, notes 1 and 3. Piccardi died in Trieste on 13 September 1789: Ritzler & Sefrin, p. 372 note 6.
Pius VI, "Super Specula," 20 August 1788, in: Bullarii Romani Continuatio, Vol. 8 (Rome: Typographia Reverendis Camerae Apostolicae 1844), pp. 210-218. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 334, note 1. Gabriel Chow, GCatholic.org, "Titular Episcopal See of Pićan"; retrieved 22 March 2017.[self-published source]. Pius VI, "Ad Supremum", 12 September 1791, in: Bullarii Romani Continuatio, Vol. 9 (Rome: Typographia Reverendis Camerae Apostolicae 1845), pp. 53-62 § 11. Cappelletti VIII, p. 763, 775. There is no evidence for the date; it is a scholarly guess. Nicephorus was an eastern martyr, but not a bishop of Pedena. Lanzoni, pp. 854-855: "Il s. Niceforo martire venerato a Pedena il 28 maggio (cf. Acta Sanctorum, mai, VII, 796) non consta affatto fosse vescovo locale. La sua memoria è circondata di favole assurde, desunte in parte dalla Vita di s. Geronzio di Cervia (cf. Delbhaye, Sanctus, pp. 219-20)." Cappelletti VIII, pp. 764-765.
Mention of Bishop Theodorus occurs only in a forged diploma of Maximianus in favor of the church of S. Maria Formosa in Pola. Cappelletti VIII, p. 765. Lanzoni, p. 855.
Marcianus was present at the synod of Grado in 577. Lanzoni, p. 855.
Bishop Ursinianus took part in the Roman synod of Pope Agatho in 679, and signed the synodal letter sent to the Council of Constantinople. Cappelletti VIII, p. 765. Fredebertus: Ughelli V, p. 402. Schwartz, p. 39.
Bishop Stephenus attended the synod of Aquileia in 1015. Cappelletti VIII, p. 766. Schwartz, p. 39.
Bishop Voldaricus subscribed a document of Patriarch Poppo on 13 July 1031. Cappelletti VIII, p. 766. Schwartz, p. 39.
Bishop Petrus subscribed a document for Patriarch Udalricus, who governed from 1086 to 1121). Cappelletti VIII, p. 766. Schwartz, p. 39.
Gotpoldus: Gams, p. 801. Cappelletti VIII, p. 766.
Conradus: Gams, p. 801. Cappelletti VIII, p. 766.
Bishop Federicus subscribed a diploma of Patriarch Vodalricus of Aquileia. In 1176, he witnessed a donation made by Count Engelbert of Gorizia. Gams, p. 801. Cappelletti VIII, p. 766.
Poppo: Ughelli V, p. 471 (Pepo). Cappelletti VIII, p. 766.
Vigardus: Cappelletti VIII, p. 766.
Poppo: Cappelletti VIII, p. 761. Eubel I, p. 397 (from Gams, p. 801).
Cappelletti VIII, p. 761. Gams, p. 801.
Henricus de Orzano had been Provost of Cividale. Cappelletti VIII, p. 767. Eubel I, p. 397.
Otto: Cappelletti VIII, p. 767. Eubel I, p. 397.
Vixardus (Viscardo): Cappelletti VIII, p. 767 (giving the date of 1263). Eubel I, p. 397.
Ulricus: Eubel I, p. 397.
Odorisius: Eubel I, p. 397.
Guilelmus: Eubel I, p. 397.
Fra Amantius was appointed by Pope Clement VI on 17 February 1343. He died at the papal court in Avignon before 21 April of the same year. It is unlikely that he was ever installed in the cathedral of Pedena. Eubel I, p. 397. Bishop Demetrius de' Matafari (or Matafori) was a native of Zadar (Zara, Dalmatia), and had become archdeacon of the cathedral of Zara. He was appointed bishop of Pedena by Pope Clement VI on 23 February 1345. He was transferred to the diocese of Nona (Nin, Croatia) on 22 February 1354. He died around 1387, when Pope Clement VII (Avignon Obedience) appointed a successor on 17 August 1387. Cappelletti VIII, p. 768. Eubel I, pp. 370, 397. A native of Cervia, Nicolaus was chosen by the canons and clergy of Pedena, and appointed bishop of Pedena by Pope Innocent VI on 28 March 1354. He died c. 1372. Cappelletti VIII, p. 768. Eubel I, p. 397. Bishop Bon(o) was previously Bishop of Caorle (Italy) (1382–1394). On 16 February 1394, appointed by Urban VI (Roman Obedience); he was transferred to the diocese of La Canea (Agiensis, Crete) by Pope Boniface IX (Roman Obedience) on 12 April 1396. He died before 13 August 1400. Cappelletti VIII, p. 768. Eubel I, pp. 77, 164, 397. Henricus had been Bishop of Trieste. He was transferred to Pedena by Boniface IX on 23 December 1396, having been accused by the Chapter and clergy of Trieste of prodigality. Cappelletti VIII, p. 769. Eubel I, p. 397 with note 4. Paolo da Nostero: Cappelletti VIII, p. 769. Eubel I, p. 397.
Giovanni was appointed by John XXIII on 18 April 1411. Eubel I, p. 397. Petrus was named bishop of Pedena by Pope Eugenius IV on 10 September 1434. In October 1440, Petrus joined the Council of Basle as bishop-elect. Eubel II, p. 214, with note 2. Martinus, a parish priest of Ljubljana, was nominated by the Emperor Frederick III in 1445, and appointed by the antipope Felix V. He was excommunicated by Pope Eugenius IV, and died in Ljubljana c. 1457. Cappelletti VIII, p. 769. Jacobus appears on the Oblate Rolls on 4 February 1457. Eubel II, p. 215 with note 3.
Arensteiner had been Provost of the monastery of S. Andrea in Passau. He was appointed bishop of Pedena by Pope Pius II on 2 December 1461. Eubel II, p. 215 with note 4. Bishop von Slatkonia had been a parish priest of Ljubljana, then Canon of the cathedral, then Provost of Ljubljana. The date of his appointment to the diocese of Pedena is unknown, though he was allowed to retain the parish in Ljubljana (which he resigned in 1517). He was appointed to the diocese of Wien (Vienna, Austria) on 12 August 1513 by Pope Leo X, which he was allowed to hold along with the diocese of Pedena. He died on 26 April 1522. Cappelletti VIII, p. 770. Eubel III, p. 290 with note 3. Creutzer (Craiz, on one of his monuments) belonged to a noble family of Carinthia. He was appointed by Pope Adrian VI on 30 January 1523. He died on 2 October 1525. Cappelletti VIII, p. 770. Eubel III, p. 290 A relative of Pope Paul II (Barbo), Giovanni had been Rector of he parish of S. Martin in Hrenoviza (Crenobitz, diocese of Trieste), and canon of the cathedral of Trieste. He was nominated bishop of Pedena by the Emperor Charles (as Archduke of Austria), and confirmed by Pope Clement VII on 16 April 1526; he was permitted to keep the parish of S. Martin. He built the Chapel of S. Anna and S. Giovanni Battista in the episcopal palace. He died on 16 January 1547. Cappelletti VIII, pp. 770-771. Eubel III, p. 290 with note 4. Zacharias Joannis Perconick (Givanicz): Cappelletti, p. 771. Eubel III, p. 290 with note 5.
Barboli was appointed bishop of Pedena by Pope Pius IV on 4 June 1563. He died on 25 February 1570. Cappelletti, p. 771. Eubel III, p. 290 with note 6. Rautgartler (Reitgherlet) was a native of Segna, and held the degree of doctor of theology. He was a canon of the cathedral of Zagreb. Archduke Charles of Austria nominated him, and Pope Gregory XIII appointed him bishop of Pedena on 27 April 1573. He was not consecrated for several years. Bishop Rautgartler attended the provincial council of Aquileia in 1596. He died on 10 December 1600, and was buried in the cathedral. J. D. Mansi (et al. edd.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Vol. 34 (Paris: Hubert Welter 1902), p. 1426. Ughelli V, p. 473. Cappelletti VIII, pp. 771-772. Eubel III, p. 290 with note 7. Marenzi was a native of Trieste. He was vicar-general for all of Germany and adjacent provinces in the armies of the Emperor Ferdinand III. He was appointed Bishop of Pedena on 17 August 1637 by Pope Urban VIII, on the nomination of the Emperor. In 1639, he published the hagiographical life of S. Niceforo the Martyr. He made the parish church of Pinguente a collegiate church with 6 Canons in 1649 (1643?). On 10 September 1646, Bishop Marenzi was transferred by Pope Innocent X to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Trieste (Italy), having been nominated by the Emperor on 26 April 1646. In 1653, he and his cousin Lodovico were named Counts of Marensfeld und Scenech by the Emperor. He died on 20 October 1662. Stancovich, p. 150, no. 156. Cappelletti VIII, pp. 772-773. Vaccano was nominated bishop of Pedena in 1646 by the Emperor Ferdinand III, in succession to Bishop Antonio Marenzi, who had been named Bishop of Trieste on 10 September 1646. Vaccano did not receive papal confirmation from Pope Innocent X until on 1 March 1649. On 6 November 1662, Bishop Vaccano was nominated Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Trieste by the Emperor Leopold I, and on 12 March 1663 confirmed by Pope Alexander VII. He died on 15 August 1672. Cappelletti VII, pp. 772-773. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 277 with note 6; 330 with note 7. De Tauris (Jancic) was a native of Karlstadt (Diocese of Zagreb, Hungary) and became a lecturer in theology in houses of the Franciscan Order. He became provincial Definitor and Commissary General in Austria and Hungary. He was Bishop of Srijem (Serbia) (19 September 1662 – 13 August 1663), though the diocese was in Turkish hands (Gauchat, p. 317, note 1). He was confirmed as bishop of Pedena by Pope Alexander VII on 13 August 1663. He died in Ljubljana in the summer of 1667 (Gauchat, p. 277). Charles-Louis Richard, Bibliothèque sacrée, ou Dictionnaire universel, historique, dogmatique, canonique, géographique et chronologique des sciences ecclésiastiques Vol. 19 (Paris 1824), p. 169. Cappelletti VII, p. 772. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, pp. 277 with note 7; 317; 379. Budimir was a native of Bosnia Argentina. He taught philosophy at the Franciscan house in Ljubljana from 1652 to 1661. He was Provincial, Definitor General (1664), and then Visitor of the Province of Polonia Minor (1665). He was nominated bishop of Pedena by the Emperor Leopold I on 8 February 1667, and confirmed by Pope Alexander VII on 1 October 1668. He was consecrated bishop by Bishop Joseph Rabatta of Ljubljana on 30 December 1668. He died on 3 April 1670. Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 311 with note 3. Von Rauchnach (Raunoch): Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 311 with note 4.
Rossetti was born in Ljubljana in 1626. He obtained the degree of Master of theology (Bologna 1655). He became Dean and Prebendary of the cathedral church of Ljubljana, and Vicar General. He was nominated bishop of Pedena by the Emperor on 20 April 1687, and was confirmed by Pope Innocent XII on 12 December 1689. He died on 10 November 1691, after 23 months in office. Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 311 with note 5. Gauss was born at Fiume (diocese of Pola) in 1646. He held the degree of Doctor of theology. He became a parish priest of S. Pietro de Rocegno (diocese of Feltre) in 1675, then archdeacon of Fiume in the diocese of Pola in 1683. He was named abbot of S. Giorgio de Chavad (Canale) in 1685. He was nominated bishop of Pedena by the Emperor Joseph I, and approved by Pope Innocent XII on 9 March 1693. He was assigned a coadjutor bishop on 22 May 1713. He died on 25 April 1716, at the age of 70. Cappelletti VIII, pp. 773-774. Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 311 with note 6. Born in a place called Flumen (Fiume, diocese of Pola) in 1683, Marotti belonged to a noble family of Pola. He held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure (Roma, Sapienza 1711). He was a canon of the cathedral of Pedena, Archdeacon of Carniola, and Provost of the collegiate church of Rudolswert. He was nominated Coadjutor Bishop of Pedena by the Emperor Joseph I, on 8 February 1713, and approved by Pope Clement XI on 22 May 1713, for which he was appointed titular bishop of Dardania; he succeeded to the episcopal throne on the death of Bishop Gauss von Homberg on 25 April 1716. Marotti died in Fiume on 20 August 1740, and was buried in the Jesuit church of S. Vito. Cappelletti VIII, p. 774. Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 311 with note 7. Cecchotti was called Giovanni Giuseppe at his baptism in Gorizia in 1697. He became a Franciscan of the Province of the Holy Cross of Carniola. He was nominated bishop of Pedena by Empress Maria Theresa as Queen of Hungary on 23 November 1740, and was approved by Pope Benedict XIV on 3 July 1741. He died on 1 May 1765. Cappelletti VIII, p. 774. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 334 with note 2. Piccardi was born in Trieste in 1708. He became a canon of the cathedral of Trieste in 1734, and Dean of the Chapter in 1755. He was nominated bishop of Pedena by the Queen of Hungary (Maria Theresa) on 1 July 1766, and confirmed by Pope Clement XIII on 1 December 1766. He was consecrated by the archbishop of Gorizia on 22 February 1767. On 14 February 1785, he was transferred to the diocese of Senj-Modruš (Croatia), after a nomination by the King of Hubngary on 13 August 1784. He died on 13 September 1789. Stancovich, p. 155. Cappelletti VIII, pp. 774-775. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 334 with note 3. Pavlišić was Coadjutor Archbishop of Rijeka–Senj (Croatia) (20 August 1969 – 18 April 1974), later succeeding as Metropolitan Archbishop of Rijeka–Senj (18 April 1974 – retired 5 January 1990); previously Titular Bishop of Bruzus (13 December 1951 – 20 August 1969) as Auxiliary Bishop of Senj-Modruš (Croatia) (13 December 1951 – 20 August 1969); died 2005. Ramos was Auxiliary Bishop of Toledo (Spain) (24 November 1987 – 9 January 1996); later Bishop of Palencia (Spain) (9 January 1996 – 26 November 2005), Bishop of Orihuela–Alicante (Spain) (26 November 2005 – retired 27 July 2012) Marx was Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of Paderborn (Germany) (23 July 1996 – 20 December 2001); later Bishop of Trier (Germany) (20 December 2001 – 30 November 2007), Metropolitan Archbishop of München und Freising (30 November 2007 – ...), Vice-President of Council of European Bishops’ Conferences (March 2009 – 22 March 2012), created Cardinal-Priest of S. Corbiniano (20 November 2010 – ...), President of Council of European Bishops’ Conferences (22 March 2012 – ...), Member of Council of Cardinals to assist in the governance of the Universal Church and to reform the Roman Curia (13 April 2013 – ...), Coordinator of Council for the Economy (8 March 2014 – ...), President of German Episcopal Conference (12 March 2014 – ...)
Reference works for bishops
- Gams, Pius Bonifatius (1873). Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae: quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro apostolo (in Latin). Ratisbon: Typis et Sumptibus Georgii Josephi Manz. pp. 801-802.
- Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1913). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. 1 (Tomus I) (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.. Archived
- Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1914). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. 2 (Tomus II) (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. Archived
- Eubel, Conradus; Gulik, Guilelmus, eds. (1923). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. 3 (Tomus III) (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.. Archived.
- Gauchat, Patritius (Patrice) (1935). Hierarchia catholica. Vol. 4 (Tomus IV) (1592–1667). Münster: Libraria Regensbergiana. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
- Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1952). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi. Vol. 5 (Tomus V) (1667–1730). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
- Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1958). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi. Vol. 6 (Tomus VI) (1730–1799). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
