Revolutions (Jean-Michel Jarre album)

Revolutions is the ninth studio album by electronic musician and composer Jean-Michel Jarre, first released in September 1988. The album reached number 2 in the UK charts, Jarre's best chart position since Oxygène. The Destination Docklands concert in London coincided with the release of the album.

Revolutions
Studio album by Jean-Michel Jarre
Released	26 September 1988[1]
Recorded	1987–1988
Studio	Croissy studio
Length	44:21
Label	Disques Dreyfus
Producer	Jean-Michel Jarre
Jean-Michel Jarre chronology
Rendez-Vous (1986) Revolutions (1988) Jarre Live (Destination Docklands) (1989)
Singles from Revolutions
"Revolutions" Released: September 1988[2] "London Kid" Released: December 1988[3]

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	[4]

Composition and recording

The album was recorded and mixed at Croissy studio.^[5] A key feature of the record is the constant presence of the Roland D-50, a digital synthesizer which Jarre called the "anti Yamaha DX7," complimenting its "warm sound."^[6] Revolutions consists predominantly of the synthesizer's presets; despite dismissing the DX7 for permitting a similar reliance, Jarre defended this decision by stating that "If you like the sound of the piano, you don't try to change or twist the sound. You use it. The same goes for a violin or a clarinet. So, if there is a sound that you like in the synth, why should you go 'no, since it's in the instrument, we should not use it?' That's stupid."^[6]

The song "London Kid" was a collaboration with Shadows guitarist Hank Marvin.^[7] The title track contains reworked samples of an unpublished composition by Turk Kudsi Erguner, which Jarre had acquired from ethnologist Xavier Bellenger.^[8] Jarre, meanwhile, claimed in a 2018 interview that Erguner was hired as a session musician before abruptly suing his past collaborators in a bid for royalties.^[6] Regardless, Erguner took his case to court and won a modest indemnity.^[8] Jarre removed the flute part — the Ney — from new releases of the record and from live performances, the track was later retitled as "Revolution, Revolutions".^{[citation needed]} Jarre stated that he preferred the remixed version of the track, describing the court case with Erguner as "a good opportunity to change it."^[6] The title track also featured vocoder by Jarre and Michel Geiss. The track "September" is dedicated to South African ANC activist Dulcie September, who was assassinated in Paris on 29 March 1988.^[5]

Track listing

1988 vinyl edition

Side one

No.	Title	Length
1.	"Révolution industrielle" (Industrial Revolution)	16:51
2.	"London Kid"	4:27

Side two

No.	Title	Length
1.	"Révolutions" (Revolutions)	4:57
2.	"Tokyo Kid"	5:21
3.	"Computer Weekend (recorded and released in 1987)"	4:42
4.	"September"	3:53
5.	"L'Emigrant" (The Emigrant)	4:10
Total length:		44:21

1988 CD edition

No.	Title	Length
1.	"Industrial Revolution Overture"	5:11
2.	"Industrial Revolution Part 1"	5:10
3.	"Industrial Revolution Part 2"	2:17
4.	"Industrial Revolution Part 3"	4:13
5.	"London Kid"	4:27
6.	"Revolutions"	4:57
7.	"Tokyo Kid"	5:21
8.	"Computer Weekend"	4:42
9.	"September"	3:53
10.	"L'Emigrant" (The Emigrant)	4:10
Total length:		44:21

1991 remaster

No.	Title	Length
1.	"Industrial Revolution Overture"	5:11
2.	"Industrial Revolution Part 1"	5:10
3.	"Industrial Revolution Part 2"	2:17
4.	"Industrial Revolution Part 3"	4:13
5.	"London Kid"	4:27
6.	"Revolution, Revolutions"	4:55
7.	"Tokyo Kid"	5:21
8.	"Computer Weekend"	4:42
9.	"September"	3:53
10.	"L'Emigrant" (The Emigrant)	4:10
Total length:		44:19

Personnel

Personnel listed in album liner notes:^[5]

• Jean-Michel Jarre – Roland D-50, Korg DSS-1, Korg DSM-1, Fairlight CMI, Synthex, EMS Synthi AKS, OSC OSCar, EMS Vocoder, Dynacord Add-one, Cristal Baschet, Akai MPC60, drum programming, percussions
• Dominique Perrier – E-mu Emulator, Fairlight CMI, Ensoniq ESQ-1, Roland D-50, Elka Synthex, OSC Oscar, Akai MPC 60 programming
• Michel Geiss – ARP 2600, Kawai K5, Matrisequencer, Cavagnolo MIDY 20, Elka AMK 800.
• Henri Loustau – sound engineer
• Philippe Cusset – assistant
• Joe Hammer – Drums, Simmons, SDX, Dynacord Add-one
• Guy Delacroix – Bass guitar
• Sylvain Durand – Fairlight CMI on "London Kid"
• Hank Marvin – Guitar on "London Kid"
• Jun Miyake – Trumpet and Megaphone on "Tokyo Kid"
• Kudsi Erguner – Turkish flute
• Patrice Tison – Guitar
• Mireille Pombo – Vocal chorus on "September"
• Francis Rimbert – Additional synthesizer programming
• The Bruno Rossignol Choir, directed by Bruno Rossignol – choir on "Industrial Revolution", "London Kid" and "The Emigrant"
• Female choir from Mali, directed by Sori Bamba – choir on "September"

Charts

Chart (1988)	Peak position
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[9]	13
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[10]	28
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)[11]	17
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[12]	4
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[13]	13
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[14]	13
UK Albums (OCC)[15]	2

Certifications

Region	Certification	Certified units/sales
France (SNEP)[16]	2× Gold	200,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[17]	Gold	100,000^
* Sales figures based on certification alone. ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.