The administrative divisions of India are subnational administrative units of India; they are composed of a nested hierarchy of administrative divisions.
 | This article possibly contains original research. (August 2019) |
Indian states and territories frequently use different local titles for the same level of subdivision (e.g., the mandals of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana correspond to tehsils of Uttar Pradesh and other Hindi-speaking states but to talukas of Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu).[1]
The smaller subdivisions (villages and blocks) exist only in rural areas. In urban areas, urban local bodies exist instead of these rural subdivisions.
Tiers of India
The diagram below outlines the six tiers of administrative divisions:
| Country (India) | |||||||||||||||||
| State (e.g. West Bengal State) | |||||||||||||||||
| Division (e.g. Presidency Division) | |||||||||||||||||
| District (e.g. Nadia District) | |||||||||||||||||
| Sub-district (Subdivision, Tehsil/Taluka) (e.g. Kalyani Subdivision) | |||||||||||||||||
| Block (e.g. Haringhara Block) | |||||||||||||||||
| Village (e.g. Panpur village) | |||||||||||||||||
Zones and regions
Zones
The states of India have been grouped into six zones having an Advisory Council "to develop the habit of cooperative working" among these States. Zonal Councils were set up vide Part-III of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The North Eastern States' special problems are addressed by another statutory body - The North Eastern Council, created by the North Eastern Council Act, 1971.[2] The present composition of each of these Zonal Councils is as under:[3]
- Northern Zonal Council, comprising Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Punjab, and Rajasthan;
- North Eastern Council, comprising Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura; The State of Sikkim has also been included in the North Eastern Council vide North Eastern Council (Amendment) Act, 2002 notified on 23 December 2002.[4]
- Central Zonal Council, comprising the States of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh;
- Eastern Zonal Council, comprising Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal;
- Western Zonal Council, comprising Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, and Maharashtra;
- Southern Zonal Council, comprising Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana.
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep are not members of any of the Zonal Councils.[5] However, they are presently special invitees to the Southern Zonal Council[6]
Cultural zones
Each zone has a zonal headquarters where a zonal cultural center has been established.[7] Several states have membership in multiple zones, but no state subdivisions are utilized in the zonal divisions. In addition to promoting the culture of the zones they are responsible for, each zonal center also works to cross-promote and create exposure to other cultural zones of India by organizing functions and inviting artistes from other zones.
States and union territories
India is composed of 28 states and eight union territories (including a national capital territory).[15]
States
| State | ISO | Vehicle code |
Zone | Capital | Largest city | Statehood | Population (2011)[16][17] |
Area (km2) |
Official languages[18] |
Additional official languages[18] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | IN-AP | AP | Southern | Amaravati | Visakhapatnam | 1 November 1956 | 49,506,799 | 162,975 | Telugu | Urdu[19] |
| Arunachal Pradesh | IN-AR | AR | North-Eastern | Itanagar | 20 February 1987 | 1,383,727 | 83,743 | English | — | |
| Assam | IN-AS | AS | North-Eastern | Dispur | Guwahati | 26 January 1950 | 31,205,576 | 78,438 | Assamese, Boro | Bengali, Meitei[20] |
| Bihar | IN-BR | BR | Eastern | Patna | 26 January 1950 | 104,099,452 | 94,163 | Hindi | Urdu | |
| Chhattisgarh | IN-CG | CG | Central | Raipur[lower-alpha 1] | 1 November 2000 | 25,545,198 | 135,194 | Hindi | Chhattisgarhi | |
| Goa | IN-GA | GA | Western | Panaji | Vasco da Gama | 30 May 1987 | 1,458,545 | 3,702 | Konkani | Marathi |
| Gujarat | IN-GJ | GJ | Western | Gandhinagar | Ahmedabad | 1 May 1960 | 60,439,692 | 196,024 | Gujarati, Hindi | — |
| Haryana | IN-HR | HR | Northern | Chandigarh | Faridabad | 1 November 1966 | 25,351,462 | 44,212 | Hindi | Punjabi[21] |
| Himachal Pradesh | IN-HP | HP | Northern | Shimla (Summer) Dharamshala (Winter)[22] |
Shimla | 25 January 1971 | 6,864,602 | 55,673 | Hindi | Sanskrit[23] |
| Jharkhand | IN-JH | JH | Eastern | Ranchi | Jamshedpur | 15 November 2000 | 32,988,134 | 79,714 | Hindi | Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bhumij, Ho, Kharia, Khortha, Kurmali, Kurukh, Magahi, Maithili, Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Santali, Urdu[24][25] |
| Karnataka | IN-KA | KA | Southern | Bangalore | 1 November 1956 | 61,095,297 | 191,791 | Kannada | — | |
| Kerala | IN-KL | KL | Southern | Thiruvananthapuram | 1 November 1956 | 33,406,061 | 38,863 | Malayalam | English[26] | |
| Madhya Pradesh | IN-MP | MP | Central | Bhopal | Indore | 1 November 1956 | 72,626,809 | 308,252 | Hindi | — |
| Maharashtra | IN-MH | MH | Western | Mumbai (Summer) Nagpur (Winter)[27][28] |
Mumbai | 1 May 1960 | 112,374,333 | 307,713 | Marathi | — |
| Manipur | IN-MN | MN | North-Eastern | Imphal | 21 January 1972 | 2,855,794 | 22,327 | Meitei | English | |
| Meghalaya | IN-ML | ML | North-Eastern | Shillong | 21 January 1972 | 2,966,889 | 22,429 | English | — | |
| Mizoram | IN-MZ | MZ | North-Eastern | Aizawl | 20 February 1987 | 1,097,206 | 21,081 | Mizo, English | — | |
| Nagaland | IN-NL | NL | North-Eastern | Kohima | Dimapur | 1 December 1963 | 1,978,502 | 16,579 | English | — |
| Odisha | IN-OD | OD | Eastern | Bhubaneswar | 26 January 1950 | 41,974,218 | 155,707 | Odia | — | |
| Punjab | IN-PB | PB | Northern | Chandigarh | Ludhiana | 1 November 1966 | 27,743,338 | 50,362 | Punjabi | — |
| Rajasthan | IN-RJ | RJ | Northern | Jaipur | 26 January 1950 | 68,548,437 | 342,239 | Hindi | English | |
| Sikkim | IN-SK | SK | North-Eastern | Gangtok | 16 May 1975 | 610,577 | 7,096 | Nepali, Sikkimese, Lepcha, English[29] | Gurung, Limbu, Magar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Sherpa, Tamang | |
| Tamil Nadu | IN-TN | TN | Southern | Chennai | 1 November 1956 | 72,147,030 | 130,058 | Tamil | English | |
| Telangana | IN-TS | TG[30] | Southern | Hyderabad[lower-alpha 2] | 2 June 2014 | 35,193,978[35] | 112,077[35] | Telugu | Urdu[36] | |
| Tripura | IN-TR | TR | North-Eastern | Agartala | 21 January 1972 | 3,673,917 | 10,491 | Bengali, English, Kokborok | — | |
| Uttar Pradesh | IN-UP | UP | Central | Lucknow | 26 January 1950 | 199,812,341 | 240,928 | Hindi | Urdu | |
| Uttarakhand | IN-UK | UK | Central | Bhararisain (Summer) Dehradun (Winter)[37] |
Dehradun | 9 November 2000 | 10,086,292 | 53,483 | Hindi | Sanskrit[38] |
| West Bengal | IN-WB | WB | Eastern | Kolkata | 26 January 1950 | 91,276,115 | 88,752 | Bengali, English | Nepali,[lower-alpha 3] Hindi, Odia, Punjabi, Santali, Telugu, Urdu, Kamatapuri, Rajbanshi, Kurmali, Kurukh | |
- Nava Raipur is planned to replace Raipur as the capital city of Chhattisgarh.
- Andhra Pradesh was divided into two states, Telangana and a residual Andhra Pradesh on 2 June 2014.[31][32] Hyderabad, located entirely within the borders of Telangana, is to serve as the capital for both states for a period of time not exceeding ten years.[33] The Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Andhra Pradesh Legislature completed the process of relocating to temporary facilities in the envisaged new capital city Amaravati in early 2017.[34]
Union territories
| State[39] | ISO[40] | Vehicle code[41] |
Zone[42] | Capital[39] | Largest city[43] | Established[44] | Population (2011)[45] |
Area (km2)[46] |
Official languages[47] |
Additional official languages[47] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | IN-AN | AN | Eastern | Sri Vijaya Puram | 1 November 1956 | 380,581 | 8,249 | Hindi, English | — | |
| Chandigarh | IN-CH | CH | Northern | Chandigarh | 1 November 1966 | 1,055,450 | 114 | English | — | |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu | IN-DH | DD | Western | Daman | Silvassa | 26 January 2020 | 587,106 | 603 | Hindi, English | Gujarati |
| Delhi | IN-DL | DL | Northern | New Delhi | Delhi | 1 November 1956 | 16,787,941 | 1,484 | Hindi, English | Urdu, Punjabi[48] |
| Jammu and Kashmir | IN-JK | JK | Northern | Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)[49] |
Srinagar | 31 October 2019 | 12,258,433 | 42,241 | Dogri, English, Hindi, Kashmiri, Urdu | — |
| Ladakh | IN-LA | LA | Northern | Leh (Summer) Kargil (Winter)[50] |
Leh | 31 October 2019 | 290,492 | 59,146 | Hindi, English | — |
| Lakshadweep | IN-LD | LD | Southern | Kavaratti | 1 November 1956 | 64,473 | 32 | Hindi, English | Malayalam | |
| Puducherry | IN-PY | PY | Southern | Pondicherry | 16 August 1962 | 1,247,953 | 479 | Tamil, French, English | Telugu, Malayalam | |
Autonomous administrative divisions
The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India allows for the formation of autonomous administrative divisions which have been given autonomy within their respective states.[51]
Presently, 10 Autonomous Councils in Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura are formed by virtue of the Sixth Schedule[52] with the rest being formed as a result of other legislation.
There are 10 Autonomous District Councils created by the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India:
| State | Autonomous District Council | Headquarters | Formation | Chief Executive Member |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assam | Bodoland Territorial Council | Kokrajhar | 2003 | Pramod Boro |
| North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council | Haflong | 1952 | Debolal Gorlosa | |
| Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council | Diphu | 1952 | Tuliram Ronghang | |
| Meghalaya | Garo Hills Autonomous District Council | Tura | 1973 | Benedick R Marak |
| Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council | Jowai | 1973 | T Shiwat | |
| Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council | Shillong | 1973 | Titosstarwell Chyne | |
| Mizoram | Chakma Autonomous District Council | Kamalanagar | 1972 | Rasik Mohan Chakma |
| Lai Autonomous District Council | Lawngtlai | 1972 | V. Zirsanga | |
| Mara Autonomous District Council | Siaha | 1972 | M Laikaw | |
| Tripura | Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council | Khumulwng | 1982 | Purna Chandra Jamatia |
Some states have created autonomous councils by an Act of their state legislatures. The two autonomous councils in the union territory of Ladakh was created by the state of Jammu and Kashmir (1952 – 2019).
Divisions
Many of the Indian states are subdivided into divisions, which have official administrative governmental status, and each division is headed by a senior IAS officer called Divisional Commissioner.
States like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa, etc. don't have separate divisions or regions. Instead, they're directly split into districts for administrative purposes.
As of September 2022, divisions exist in 18 of the 28 states and 3 of the 8 union territories. As of September 2022, there are a total of 102 divisions in India.
| State/union territory | No. of divisions | Population[55] | Population per division |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | - | 49,386,799 | - |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 3 | 1,383,727 | 461,242 |
| Assam | 5 | 31,169,272 | 6,233,854 |
| Bihar | 9 | 104,099,452 | 11,566,606 |
| Chhattisgarh | 5 | 25,545,198 | 5,109,040 |
| Goa | - | 1,458,545 | - |
| Gujarat | - | 60,439,692 | - |
| Haryana | 6 | 25,351,462 | 4,225,244 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 3 | 6,864,602 | 2,288,201 |
| Telangana | - | 35,193,978 | - |
| Jharkhand | 5 | 32,988,134 | 6,597,627 |
| Karnataka | 4 | 61,095,297 | 15,273,824 |
| Kerala | - | 33,406,061 | - |
| Madhya Pradesh | 10 | 72,626,809 | 7,262,681 |
| Maharashtra | 6 | 112,374,333 | 18,729,056 |
| Manipur | - | 2,721,756 | - |
| Meghalaya | 2 | 2,966,889 | 1,483,445 |
| Mizoram | - | 1,097,206 | - |
| Nagaland | 1 | 1,978,502 | 1,978,502 |
| Odisha | 3 | 41,974,218 | 13,991,406 |
| Punjab | 5 | 27,743,338 | 5,548,668 |
| Rajasthan | 7 | 68,548,437 | 9,792,634 |
| Sikkim | - | 610,577 | - |
| Tamil Nadu | - | 72,147,030 | - |
| Tripura | - | 3,673,917 | - |
| Uttar Pradesh | 18 | 199,812,341 | 11,100,686 |
| Uttarakhand | 2 | 10,086,292 | 5,043,146 |
| West Bengal | 5 | 91,276,115 | 18,255,223 |
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | - | 380,581 | - |
| Chandigarh | - | 1,055,450 | - |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu | - | 586,956 | - |
| Jammu and Kashmir | 2 | 12,258,433 | 6,129,217 |
| Ladakh | 1 | 290,492 | 290,492 |
| Lakshadweep | - | 64,473 | - |
| Delhi | 1 | 16,787,941 | 16,787,941 |
| Puducherry | - | 1,247,953 | - |
| Total | 103 | 1,210,854,977 | 11,755,874 |
Regions within states
Some states consist of regions, which have no official administrative governmental status. They are purely geographic regions; some correspond to historic countries, states or provinces. A region may comprise one or more divisions, averaging about three divisions per region. However, the boundaries of the regions and the boundaries of the divisions do not always coincide exactly. So far there has been no movement to give the regions official administrative status. If this was to be done, it would presumably require that the boundaries of the regions be slightly modified so that they correspond exactly with their constituent districts.
- Regions of Assam
- Regions of Gujarat
- Regions of Maharashtra
Districts
States and territories (or divisions) are further subdivided into districts (zilla), of which there are 797 (as of Nov 2023). A district in India, officially referred to as a revenue district, is a basic administrative unit under a state or union territory. Each District is headed by an IAS officer called District Magistrate.
| Administrative divisions | No. of districts | Total population | Population per district | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| States | ||||||||
| Andhra Pradesh | 26 | 49,577,103 | 1,906,812 | |||||
| Arunachal Pradesh | 27 | 1,383,727 | 51,249 | |||||
| Assam | 35 | 31,205,576 | 891,588 | |||||
| Bihar | 38 | 104,099,452 | 2,739,459 | |||||
| Chhattisgarh | 33 | 25,545,198 | 774,097 | |||||
| Goa | 2 | 1,458,545 | 729,273 | |||||
| Gujarat | 33 | 60,439,692 | 1,831,506 | |||||
| Haryana | 22 | 25,351,462 | 1,152,339 | |||||
| Himachal Pradesh | 12 | 6,864,602 | 572,050 | |||||
| Jharkhand | 24 | 32,988,134 | 1,374,506 | |||||
| Karnataka | 31 | 61,095,297 | 1,970,816 | |||||
| Kerala | 14 | 33,406,061 | 2,386,147 | |||||
| Madhya Pradesh | 55 | 72,626,809 | 1,274,155 | |||||
| Maharashtra | 36 | 112,374,333 | 3,121,509 | |||||
| Manipur | 16 | 2,570,390 | 160,649 | |||||
| Meghalaya | 12 | 2,966,889 | 247,241 | |||||
| Mizoram | 11 | 1,097,206 | 99,746 | |||||
| Nagaland | 16 | 1,978,502 | 123,656 | |||||
| Odisha | 30 | 41,974,218 | 1,399,141 | |||||
| Punjab | 23 | 27,743,338 | 1,206,232 | |||||
| Rajasthan | 50 | 68,548,437 | 1,370,969 | |||||
| Sikkim | 6 | 610,577 | 101,763 | |||||
| Tamil Nadu | 38 | 72,147,030 | 1,898,606 | |||||
| Telangana | 33 | 35,003,674 | 1,060,717 | |||||
| Tripura | 8 | 3,673,917 | 459,240 | |||||
| Uttar Pradesh | 75 | 199,812,341 | 2,664,165 | |||||
| Uttarakhand | 13 | 10,086,292 | 775,869 | |||||
| West Bengal | 23 | 91,276,115 | 3,042,537 | |||||
| Union Territory | ||||||||
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 3 | 380,581 | 126,860 | |||||
| Chandigarh | 1 | 1,055,450 | 1,055,450 | |||||
| Dadra Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu | 3 | 586,956 | 195,652 | |||||
| Jammu and Kashmir | 20 | 12,258,093 | 612,905 | |||||
| Ladakh | 2 | 290,492 | 145,246 | |||||
| Lakshadweep | 1 | 64,473 | 64,473 | |||||
| Delhi | 11 | 16,787,941 | 1,526,176 | |||||
| Puducherry | 4 | 1,247,953 | 311,988 | |||||
| Total | 787 | 1,210,576,856 | 1,538,217 | |||||
| Largest District | Smallest District | |
|---|---|---|
| By Land Area | Kutch district | Mahe district |
| By Population | North 24 Parganas district | Dibang Valley district |
Subdistricts
In some instances, tehsils (sub-districts) overlap with "blocks" (panchayat union blocks or community development blocks) and come under the land and revenue department, headed by tehsildar; and blocks come under the rural development department, headed by the block development officer and serve different government administrative functions over the same or similar geographical area.
States use varying names for their sub-districts. Detailed information is as follows (as of 2018):[56]
| State/ Union territory | Subdistrict title | No. of subdistricts |
|---|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | Mandal | 679 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Circle | 149 |
| Assam | Subdivision | 155 |
| Bihar | Subdivision | 101 |
| Chhattisgarh | Tehsil | 228 |
| Goa | Taluka | 12 |
| Gujarat | Taluka | 248[57] |
| Haryana | Tehsil | 67 |
| Himachal Pradesh | Tehsil | 109 |
| Jharkhand | Subdivision | 210 |
| Karnataka | Taluk | 240 |
| Kerala | Taluk | 78 |
| Madhya Pradesh | Tehsil | 412 |
| Maharashtra | Taluka | 353 |
| Manipur | Subdivision | 38 |
| Meghalaya | Subdivision | 39 |
| Mizoram | Subdivision | 22 |
| Nagaland | Circle | 93 |
| Odisha | Tehsil | 485 |
| Punjab | Tehsil | 172 |
| Rajasthan | Tehsil | 268 |
| Sikkim | Subdivision | 9 |
| Tamil Nadu | Taluk | 215[58] |
| Telangana | Mandal | 612 |
| Tripura | Subdivision | 38 |
| Uttar Pradesh | Tehsil | 350 |
| Uttarakhand | Tehsil | 113 |
| West Bengal | Subdivision | 69 |
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Tehsil | 7 |
| Chandigarh | Tehsil | 1 |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu | Tehsil | 3 |
| Delhi | Tehsil | 33 |
| Jammu and Kashmir | Tehsil | 55 |
| Ladakh | Tehsil | 4 |
| Lakshadweep | Subdivision | 4 |
| Puducherry | Tehsil | 8 |
| Total | 6057 | |
Rural level
Blocks
The Community Development Block also known as CD Block or just block, is often the next level of administrative division (for development purposes, whereas tehsil is next to the district for revenue purposes).
| State | CD Block | Number of CD Blocks |
|---|---|---|
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | CD Block | 9 |
| Andhra Pradesh | Mandal | 668 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Block | 129 |
| Assam | Block | 239 |
| Bihar | Block | 534 |
| Chandigarh | Block | 3 |
| Chhattisgarh | CD Block | 146 |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu | CD Block | 3 |
| Delhi | CD Block | 342 |
| Goa | CD Block | 12 |
| Gujarat | CD Block | 250 |
| Haryana | Block | 143 |
| Himachal Pradesh | CD Block | 88 |
| Jammu and Kashmir | CD Block | 287 |
| Jharkhand | Block | 264 |
| Karnataka | CD Block | 235 |
| Kerala | Block | 152 |
| Ladakh | CD Block | 31 |
| Lakshadweep | CD Block | 10 |
| Madhya Pradesh | CD Block | 313 |
| Maharashtra | CD Block | 352 |
| Manipur | CD Block | 70 |
| Meghalaya | CD Block | 54 |
| Mizoram | CD Block | 28 |
| Nagaland | CD Block | 74 |
| Odisha | CD Block | 314 |
| Puducherry | CD Block | 6 |
| Punjab | CD Block | 153 |
| Rajasthan | CD Block | 353 |
| Sikkim | CD Block | 33 |
| Tamil Nadu | Taluk | 388 |
| Telangana | Mandal | 594 |
| Tripura | CD Block | 58 |
| Uttar Pradesh | CD Block | 826 |
| Uttarakhand | CD Block | 95 |
| West Bengal | CD Block | 345 |
Villages
Villages are often the lowest level of subdivisions in India. The governmental bodies at the village level are called Gram Panchayat, of which there were an estimated 256,000 in 2002. Each Gram Panchayat covers a large village or a cluster of smaller villages with a combined population exceeding 500 Gram Sabha. Clusters of villages are also sometimes called Hobli or Patti.
Habitations
Certain governmental functions and activities - including clean water availability, rural development, and education - are tracked at a sub-village level.[60] These hamlets are termed "habitations". India is composed of 1,714,556 habitations [61] In some states, most villages have a single habitation; in others (notably Kerala and Tripura) there is a high ratio of habitations to villages.[62]
Metropolitan area
A metro area usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighbourhoods, townships, cities, exurbs, suburbs, counties, districts, states, and even nations like the eurodistricts. As social, economic, and political institutions have changed, metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions. Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas, as well as satellite cities, towns, and intervening rural areas that are socio-economically tied to the urban core, typically measured by commuting patterns.
The metropolitan cities of India (more commonly called Tier-1 cities) are: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Pune.
Historical administrative divisions
See also
References
External links
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