The Rainbow Books are a collection of CDformatspecifications, generally written and published by the companies involved in their development, including Philips, Sony, Matsushita and JVC, among others.
Cover for the Green Book (CD-i) specification standard, in its eponymous colorIllustration depicting each format by color.
A number of these specifications have been officially adopted by established standards bodies, including the ISO, IEC, and ECMA.
CD-DA (Digital Audio) – originally published by Philips and Sony in 1981,[1] it was later standardized as IEC 60908:1987[2] and later IEC 60908:1999.[3]
CD+G (plus Graphics) – an extension of the Red Book specifications used mainly for karaoke
CD+EG / CD+XG (plus Extended Graphics) – an extension of CD+G
CD-ROM (Read-Only Memory)[4][5] – originally developed by Philips and Sony,[6] it was standardized as ISO/IEC 10149[7] in 1988 and ECMA-130[8] in 1989
CD-ROM XA (eXtended Architecture) – a 1991 extension of CD-ROM, developed by Philips and Sony[9]
CD-i (Interactive) – standard developed and published by Phillips.[10]
Orange is a reference to the fact that red and yellow mix to orange. This correlates with the fact that CD-R and CD-RW are capable of audio ("Red") and data ("Yellow"); although other colors (other CD standards) that do not mix are capable of being burned onto the physical medium. Orange Book also introduced the standard for multisession writing.
CD-R (Recordable) alias CD-WO (Write Once) alias CD-WORM (Write Once, Read Many) – originally developed by Sony and Philips,[12] it was partially standardized as ECMA-394.[13]
CD-RW (ReWritable) alias CD-E (Eraseable) – originally developed by Philips, Sony and Ricoh,[14] it was partially standardized as ECMA-395.[15]
Photo CD (Photo) — proprietary standard jointly developed by Philips and Eastman Kodak;[16] never released to the public[17]
The White Book refers to a standard of compact disc that stores pictures and video.
ISO 9660, a 1986 filesystem standard used in conjunction with CD-ROM formats.
Orange-Book-Standard, a decision named after the Compact Disc standard, issued in 2009 by the German Federal Court of Justice on the interaction between patent law and standards
Philips Electronics N.V., and Sony Corporation (1991). System Description CD-ROM XA. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Philips Intellectual Property and Standards.
Philips Consumer Electronics B.V; and Sony Corporation (1994). Green Book Version May 1994, Release 2(PDF). Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Royal Philips Electronics System Standards & Licensing. Archived(PDF) from the original on August 9, 2019. Retrieved October 9, 2019.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Victor Company of Japan, Ltd.; Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.; Philips Electronics N.V; and Sony Corporation (1994). Video CD Specifications.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Microsoft Corporation, Philips Electronics N.V., and Sony Corporation (1995). Enhanced Music CD Specification. Philips Consumer Electronics B.V. Coordination Office Optical & Magnetic Media Systems.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Philips Electronics N.V., and Sony Corporation (2002). Super Audio CD System Description. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Philips Intellectual Property and Standards.
