Race and ethnicity in the NHL

The National Hockey League (NHL) evolved from a mono-ethnic and primarily Canadian professional athletic league to span North America.^{[1][2][3][4][5]} The distribution of ethnic groups has been gradually changing since the inception of the NHL.^[6] The league consists of a variety of players from varying nationalities and diverse backgrounds. Once known as a league riddled with racism and exclusiveness, the NHL has made some positive steps toward a more diverse and inclusive institution.^[7]

The NHL began its expansion of player nationalities in the 1970s when players hailed from the United States, Sweden, and Finland.^[8] The share of Canadians in the league dropped to 75% by the 1980s and is now slightly less than 50%.^[8] In 2011, the NHL was composed of 93% of players who identified as white, with the remaining 7% identifying as varying ethnicities.^{[9][needs update]}

History of Representation

Main article: Black players in ice hockey

See also: List of black NHL players

A number of ice hockey leagues for players of African descent formed in Canada as early as the late-19th century. The Coloured Hockey League was an all-black ice hockey league established in 1895. Operating across the Maritime provinces of Canada, the league operated for several decades until 1930.

Although other minor ice hockey leagues saw integration in the early 20th century (including the Quebec Senior Hockey League), the major league NHL did not see its first non-white player until November 16, 1926, with Indigenous Native American Taffy Abel broke the NHL colour barrier that day with the New York Rangers.^[10]

On March 13, 1948 Larry Kwong was an Asian playing with the New York Rangers.^[11] Born in Vernon, British Columbia, Kwong was a Chinese Canadian of Cantonese descent.^[12] In 1953, Fred Sasakamoose was the first Cree NHL player, and the first Canadian indigenous player in the NHL, debuting with the Chicago Black Hawks. On January 18, 1958, Willie O'Ree became the first Black Canadian to play in the NHL. Playing with the Boston Bruins, he was also the first NHL player of African descent.^[13] Val James was the first African American player to play in the NHL, called up by the Buffalo Sabres in 1982.^[14] His stints with the Buffalo Sabres and Toronto Maple Leafs were short-lived and he eventually retired in 1987 due to injury.^[14] The number of black NHL players was 26 by the end of the 20th century and sat at 32 in 2016.^[9]

Racism and Discrimination

In the 1970's there were zero African-American players in the NHL. That number rose to 26 in the 1980s and rose slightly to 32 in the 1990s. Though seemingly minute, it was a significant change in the racial demographic of the NHL at the time.

Herb Carnegie was the first black player to play on ice in a professional hockey game. Val (Valmore) James, the first U.S.-born African American hockey player called up by the Buffalo Sabres in 1982, refrained from openly discussing his experiences with racism in the league until three decades after retiring from the sport.

The depth of his ordeal was so profound that he reported being unable to watch hockey for a full decade without being haunted by memories of discrimination in the league.^[14] James's tumultuous journey serves as a poignant illustration of how societal racism can infiltrate sports cultures.

"When I started skating, I set out to be a hockey player, not a black hockey player,” he wrote. “However, the two concepts quickly became intertwined. And not by choice. From early on, there were some people who were determined to prove that being black and being a hockey player were mutually exclusive."^[15]

Further insights into James's life and experiences can be found in the autobiography Black Ice: The Val James Story, authored by Valmore James and John Gallagher.^[16][15]

Non-black minorities

In addition to black and white players, other races and ethnicities represented in the NHL include players of Asian, Latino, and Middle Eastern descent.

= NHL All-Star[a] ·

= NHL All-Star[a] and NHL All-Star team ·

= Hall of Famers

• Bold = Currently playing in NHL
• Italics = Stanley Cup champions
• * = Yet to have played an NHL game for their respective team

Asian descent

See also: List of Indian NHL players

Nat.	Name	Birthplace	Pos	Seasons	Teams Played	Ethnicity	Ref
	Kevin Bahl	New Westminster, BC	D	2020–present	NJD, CGY	Biracial, Indian
	Arshdeep Bains	Surrey, BC	LW	2023–present	VAN	Punjabi
	Victor Bartley	Ottawa, ON	D	1998–2015	NSH, MTL	Biracial, Taiwanese	[17]
	Robin Bawa	Duncan, BC	RW	1987–1999	WSH, VAN, SJS, ANA	Punjabi	[18]
	Chris Beckford-Tseu	Toronto, ON	G	2007–2008	STL	Jamaican-Chinese[19]	[20]
	Jacob Bryson	London, ON	D	2021–present	BUF	Biracial, Korean
	Matt Dumba	Regina, SK	D	2013–present	MIN, ARI, TBL, DAL	Romanian-German-Filipino	[21]
/	Spencer Foo	Edmonton, AB	RW	2017–present	CGY, VGK*	Chinese
	Yutaka Fukufuji	Kushiro, Japan	G	2006–2007	LAK	Japanese
	Akito Hirose	Calgary, AB	D	2022–present	VAN	Japanese
	Taro Hirose	Winnipeg, MB	LW	2018–present	DET	Japanese
	Josh Ho-Sang	Toronto, ON	RW	2016–2019	NYI	Jamaican-Jewish-Chinese	[22]
	Peter Ing	Toronto, ON	G	1989–1994	TOR, EDM, DET	Biracial, Chinese	[23]
	Paul Kariya	North Vancouver, BC	LW	1994–2010	ANA, COL, NSH, STL	Japanese-Scottish	[24]
	Steve Kariya	North Vancouver, BC	RW	1999–2000	VAN	Japanese-Scottish
	Jujhar Khaira	Surrey, BC	LW	2014–present	EDM, CHI, MIN	Punjabi	[25]
	Larry Kwong	Vernon, BC	C	1947–1948	NYR	Chinese	[26]
	Manny Malhotra	Mississauga, ON	C	1998–2016	NYR, DAL, CBJ, SJS, VAN, CAR, MTL	Punjabi-French	[27]
	Andreas Martinsen	Bærum, Norway	LW	2015–2019	COL, MTL, CHI	Ugandan Indian-Norwegian	[28]
	Jon Matsumoto	Ottawa, ON	C	2010–2012	CAR, FLA	Japanese-German
	Jim Paek	Seoul, South Korea	D	1987–2003	PIT, LAK, OTT	Korean	[29]
	Richard Park	Seoul, South Korea	RW	1996–2010	PIT, NYI, MIN, VAN	Korean	[30]
	Jason Robertson	Arcadia, CA	LW	2019–present	DAL	Scottish-Filipino	[31]
	Nicholas Robertson	Arcadia, CA	LW	2020–present	TOR	Scottish-Filipino
	Bobby Robins	Peshtigo, WI	RW	2014–2015	BOS	Biracial, Filipino
	Raymond Sawada	Richmond, BC	RW	2008–2011	DAL	Japanese-Italian
	Devin Setoguchi	Taber, AB	RW	2007–2018	SJS, MIN, WPG, CGY, LAK	Biracial, Japanese	[32][better source needed]
	Kiefer Sherwood	Columbus, OH	RW	2018–present	ANA, COL, NSH, VAN	Biracial, Japanese
	Kole Sherwood	New Albany, OH	RW	2018–present	CBJ, NSH	Biracial, Japanese
	Devin Shore	Ajax, ON	C	2015–present	DAL, ANA, CBJ, EDM, SEA, MIN*	Biracial, Filipino
	Jonas Siegenthaler	Zürich, Switzerland	D	2018–present	WSH, NJD	Swiss-Thai
	Dylan Sikura	Aurora, ON	C	2018–present	CHI, VGK, COL, ANA*	Slovak-Japanese	[33]
	Jordan Spence	Sydney, Australia	D	2021–present	LAK	Biracial, Japanese
	Tim Stapleton	La Grange, IL	C	2008–2012	TOR, ATL, WIN	Irish-Filipino	[34]
	Jamie Storr	Brampton, ON	G	1994–2004	LAK, CAR	Biracial, Japanese
	Nick Suzuki	London, ON	C	2019–present	MTL	Japanese-Scottish	[35]
	David Tanabe	White Bear Lake, MN	D	1999–2008	BOS, CAR	Japanese	[36]
	Mike Wong	Minneapolis, MN	C	1975–1976	DET	Chinese-Native	[37]
	Kailer Yamamoto	Spokane, WA	RW	2017–present	EDM, SEA, UTA*	Biracial, his father is half-Japanese and his mother is half-Hawaiian	[38]
/	Brandon Yip	Vancouver, BC	RW	2009–2014	COL, NSH, PHX	Biracial, Three quarter-Chinese and one quarter-Irish	[39]

NHL career

These are the top-ten players of Asian descent by career points, goals, and assists. Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season.

Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game; G/G = Goals per game; A/G = Assists per game

Points Player Pos GP G A Pts P/G Paul Kariya LW 989 402 587 989 1.00 Jason Robertson LW 292 133 181 314 1.08 Manny Malhotra C 991 116 179 295 .30 Nick Suzuki C 373 108 178 286 .77 Devin Setoguchi RW 516 131 130 261 .51 Matt Dumba D 674 83 165 248 .37 Richard Park RW 738 102 139 241 .33 Devin Shore C 443 51 88 139 .31 Kailer Yamamoto RW 303 58 76 134 .44 David Tanabe D 449 30 84 114 .25

Goals Player Pos G G/G Paul Kariya LW 402 .41 Jason Robertson LW 133 .46 Devin Setoguchi RW 131 .25 Manny Malhotra C 116 .12 Nick Suzuki C 108 .29 Richard Park RW 102 .14 Matt Dumba D 83 .12 Kailer Yamamoto RW 58 .19 Devin Shore C 51 .12 Jujhar Khaira LW 33 .10

Assists Player Pos A A/G Paul Kariya LW 587 .59 Jason Robertson LW 181 .62 Manny Malhotra C 179 .18 Nick Suzuki C 178 .48 Matt Dumba D 165 .24 Richard Park RW 139 .19 Devin Setoguchi RW 130 .25 Devin Shore C 88 .20 David Tanabe D 84 .19 Kailer Yamamoto RW 76 .25

Franchise career

These are the top-ten players of Asian descent, by career points, goals, and assists, when counting only their production with a specific franchise. Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season.

Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game; G/G = Goals per game; A/G = Assists per game

Points Player GP G A Pts P/G Team Paul Kariya (LW) 606 300 369 669 1.10 Mighty Ducks of Anaheim Jason Robertson (LW) 292 133 181 314 1.08 Dallas Stars Nick Suzuki (C) 373 108 178 286 .77 Montreal Canadiens Matt Dumba (D) 598 79 157 236 .39 Minnesota Wild Paul Kariya (LW) 164 55 106 161 .98 Nashville Predators Devin Setoguchi (RW) 267 84 75 159 .60 San Jose Sharks Manny Malhotra (C) 344 53 92 145 .42 Columbus Blue Jackets Paul Kariya (LW) 168 36 87 123 .73 St. Louis Blues Richard Park (RW) 316 45 75 120 .38 New York Islanders Kailer Yamamoto (RW) 244 50 68 118 .48 Edmonton Oilers

Goals Player G G/G Team Paul Kariya (LW) 300 .50 Mighty Ducks of Anaheim Jason Robertson (LW) 133 .46 Dallas Stars Nick Suzuki (C) 108 .29 Montreal Canadiens Devin Setoguchi (RW) 84 .31 San Jose Sharks Matt Dumba (D) 79 .13 Minnesota Wild Paul Kariya (LW) 55 .34 Nashville Predators Manny Malhotra (C) 53 .15 Columbus Blue Jackets Kailer Yamamoto (RW) 50 .22 Edmonton Oilers Richard Park (RW) 45 .14 New York Islanders Richard Park (RW) 37 .17 Minnesota Wild

Assists Player A A/G Team Paul Kariya (LW) 369 .61 Mighty Ducks of Anaheim Jason Robertson (LW) 181 .62 Dallas Stars Nick Suzuki (C) 178 .48 Montreal Canadiens Matt Dumba (D) 157 .26 Minnesota Wild Paul Kariya (LW) 106 .65 Nashville Predators Manny Malhotra (C) 92 .27 Columbus Blue Jackets Paul Kariya (LW) 87 .52 St. Louis Blues Devin Setoguchi (RW) 75 .28 San Jose Sharks Richard Park (RW) 75 .24 New York Islanders Kailer Yamamoto (RW) 68 .28 Edmonton Oilers

First Nation/Native American descent

Nat.	Name	Birthplace	Pos	Seasons	Teams Played	Ethnicity	Ref
	George Armstrong	Skead, Ontario	RW	1949–1971	TOR	Biracial Ojibwe-Canadian	[40]
	Bryan Trottier	Val Marie, Saskatchewan	C	1975–1994	NYI, PIT	Biracial Cree-Canadian	[41]
	Ted Nolan	Garden River, Ontario	LW	1981–1986	DET, PIT	Ojibwe-Canadian	[42]
	Grant Fuhr	Spruce Grove, Alberta	G	1981–2000	EDM, TOR, BUF, LAK, STL, CGY	Biracial Cree and Afro-Canadian	[43]
	Everett Sanipass	Elsipogtog First Nation, New Brunswick	LW	1986–1991	CHI, QUE	Mi'kmaq	[44]
	Craig Berube	Calahoo, Alberta	LW	1986–2003	PHI, TOR, CGY, WSH, NYI	Biracial Cree-Canadian	[45]
	Theoren Fleury	Oxbow, Saskatchewan	RW	1988–2003	CAL, NYR	Métis Canadian	[46]
	Gino Odjick	Maniwaki, Québec	LW	1990–2002	MTL, NYI, VAN, PHI	Biracial Algonquian-Canadian	[47]
	Blair Atcheynum	Estevan, Saskatchewan	RW	1992–2001	OTT, NSH, STL, CHI	Cree descent	[40]
	Arron Asham	Portage la Prairie, Manitoba	RW	1998–2014	MTL, NYI, NJD, PHI, PIT, NYR	Métis Canadian	[40]
	Jordin Tootoo	Churchill, Manitoba	RW	2003–2017	NSH, NJD, DET, CHI	Inuit	[48]
	René Bourque	Lac La Biche, Alberta	LW	2005–2017	MTL, CAL, CLB, CHI	Métis Canadian	[49]
	Carey Price	Vancouver, British Columbia	G	2007–present	MTL	Biracial Dakelh-Canadian	[50]
	T. J. Oshie	Mount Vernon, Washington	RW	2008–present	STL, WSH	Biracial Ojibwe-American	[51]
	Michael Ferland	Swan River, Manitoba	LW	2014–2020	CAR, CAL, VAN	Cree descent	[52]
	Brandon Montour	Ohsweken, Ontario	D	2016–present	ANA, BUF, FLO	Mohawk descent	[53]
	Henry Maracle	Ayr, Ontario	LW	1930-31	NYR	Mohawk descent	[54]
	Ethan Bear	Regina, Saskatchewan	D	2018–present	EDM, CAR, VAN	Cree descent	[55]
	Zach Whitecloud	Brandon, Manitoba	D	2018–present	VGK	Dakota-Canadian	[53]
	Garrett Pilon	Mineola, New York	C	2021–present	WSH	Métis American	[56]
	Rich Pilon	Saskatoon, Saskatchewan	D	1989-2002	NYI, NYR, STL	Métis descent	[57]
	Fred Sasakamoose	Debden, Saskatchewan	C	1954	CHI	Cree	[58]
	Reggie Leach	Riverton, Manitoba	RW	1971-1983	BOS, CGS, PHI, DET	Ojibwe	[59]
	Jamie Leach	Winnipeg, Manitoba	RW	1990-1994	PIT, HAR, FLO	Ojibwe descent	[60]
	Stan Jonathan	Ohsweken, Ontario	LW	1976-1983	BOS, PIT	Tuscarora	[61]
	Jonathan Cheechoo	Moose Factory, Ontario	RW	2003-2010	SJS, OTT	Cree	[62]
	Dwight King	Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan	LW	2011-2017	LAK, MTL	Métis descent	[63]
	Connor Dewar	The Pas, Manitoba	C	2022-Present	MIN, TOR	Métis descent	[64]
	D.J. King	Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan	C	2007-2012	STL, WSH	Métis descent	[63]
	Calen Addison	Brandon, Manitoba	D	2021-Present	MIN	Métis descent	[65]
	Travis Hamonic	St. Malo, Manitoba	D	2011-Present	NYI, CGY, VAN, OTT	Métis descent	[66]
	Brady Keeper	Cross Lake, Manitoba	D	2019-Present	FLO	Cree	[67]
	Michael McNiven	Winnipeg, Manitoba	G	2022	MTL	Métis descent	[68]
	Jim Neilson	Big River, Saskatchewan	D	1963-1979	NYR, CGS, CLE	Cree	[69]
	Ted Hodgson	Hobbema, Alberta	RW	1967	BOS	Cree	[70]
	Harry York	Ponoka, Alberta	C	1997-2000	STL, NYR, PIT, VAN	Cree	[71]
	Scott Daniels	Prince Albert, Saskatchewan	LW	1993-1999	HFD, PHI, NJD	Cree	[72]
	Dale McCourt	Falconbridge, Ontario	C	1978-1984	DET, BUF, TOR	Cree	[73]

Latino descent

Nat.	Name	Birthplace	Pos	Seasons	Teams Played	Ethnicity	Ref
	Scott Gomez	Anchorage, Alaska	C	1999–2016	NJ, NYR, MTL	Colombian Mexican American	[74]
	Bill Guerin	Worcester, Massachusetts	RW	1991–2010	NJD, EDM, BOS, DAL, STL SJ, NYI, PIT	Nicaraguan American	[75]
	Auston Matthews	San Ramon, California	C	2016–present	TOR	Half Mexican American	[76]
	Al Montoya	Chicago, Illinois	G	2006–2018	NYI, MTL, FLA, WIN	Cuban American	[77]
	Matt Nieto	Long Beach, California	LW	2013–present	COL, SJ	Mexican American	[78]
	Max Pacioretty	New Canaan, Connecticut	LW	2008–present	MTL, VGK, CAR	Half Mexican American	[79]
	Bryce Salvador	Brandon, Manitoba	D	2001–2015	STL, NJD	Half Afro-Brazilian Half Ukrainian
	Raffi Torres	Toronto, Ontario	LW	2001–2016	EDM, SJ, PHO	Half Mexican Canadian Half Peruvian (of Italian, Greek, and Serbian ancestry)	[80]

Middle Eastern descent

Nat.	Name	Birthplace	Pos	Seasons	Teams Played	Ethnicity	Ref
	Justin Abdelkader	Muskegon, Michigan	LW	2008–2021	DET	Jordanian-American	[81]
	Ramzi Abid	Montreal, Québec	LW	2000–2014	PHO, PIT, ATL	Lebanese-Canadian	[82]
/	Nick Cicek	Winnipeg, Manitoba	D	2022–present	SJS	Turkish-Canadian
	John Hanna	Sydney, Nova Scotia	D	1958–1968	NYR, MTL	Lebanese-Canadian	[83]
	Ed Hatoum	Beirut, Lebanon	RW	1968–1971	DET, VAN	Lebanese	[84]
	Nazem Kadri	London, Ontario	C	2010–present	TOR, COL, CGY	Lebanese-Canadian	[85]
	Alain Nasreddine	Montreal, Québec	D	1995–2010	NYI, MTL, PIT	Biracial Lebanese-Canadian	[86]
	Brandon Saad	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	LW	2011–present	CHI, CBJ, COL, STL	Syrian American	[87]
	Mika Zibanejad	Huddinge, Sweden	C	2010–present	OTT, NYR	Biracial Iranian-Finnish	[88]

See also

• Baseball color line
• Black players in ice hockey
  • List of black NHL players
• Black players in professional American football
• History of African Americans in the Canadian Football League
• Race and ethnicity in the NBA

Notes

1. Players are identified as an All-Star if they were selected for the All-Star game at any time in their career.

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