Awan (tribe)
Pakistani community and surname From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Awan (Urdu: اعوان) is a tribe and surname centred in the Northern Pakistan and Punjab region of Pakistan.[1][2] Awans are predominantly present in the northern, central, and western parts of Punjab, with significant population also present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir, and to a lesser extent, in Sindh and Balochistan. The tribe claim Arab, particularly Alid, origin[3] through its primary ancestor Qutub Shah, who came to modern-day Pakistan with Mahmud of Ghazni.[4]
History
Summarize
Perspective
Jamal J. Elias notes that the Awans believe themselves to be of Arab origin, descended from Ali ibn Abu Talib and that the claim of Arab descent gives them "high status in the Indian Muslim environment".[5] However, they are also described as having Jat origins by certain British Raj writers.[6]
Christophe Jaffrelot says:
The Awan deserve close attention, because of their historical importance and, above all, because they settled in the west, right up to the edge of Baluchi and Pashtun territory. Legend has it that their origins go back to Imam Ali and his second wife, Hanafiya. Historians describe them as valiant warriors and farmers who imposed their supremacy on the Janjua in part of the Salt Range and established large colonies all along the Indus to Sind, and a densely populated center not far from Lahore.[7]
People of the Awan community have a strong presence in the Pakistan Army[8] and a notable martial tradition.[9] They were listed as an "agricultural tribe" by the British Raj in 1925, a term that was then synonymous with classification as a "martial race".[10]
Genetic studies on Awan
Centre for Human Genetics of Edith Cowan University, Australia, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Pakistan and Institute of General Genetics of Russian Academy of Science, Russia conducted different genetic studies on Awan and its neighbouring tribes, namely Khattar and Rajput, which concluded that Awans are genetically isolated, endogamous and very different from its neighbouring tribes.[11]
Department of Genetics of Hazara University, Pakistan conducted a dental morphology and DNA analysis of major tribes in Northern Pakistan which recorded that haplogroup T1 (originated in Israel[12][13]) is only found in Awans.[14]
Department of Genetics of Hazara University, Pakistan, Department of Anthropology of University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA and Center for Human Genetics of Hazara University, Pakistan conducted different studies in which hypervariable segment I (HVSI) from mtDNA was analyzed to establish the genetic lineage of the populations living in Northern Pakistan. In the study it was concluded that Awans fall in the same genetic cluster as the Arab tribe of Syeds because of their similarity.[15]
Notable people
- Nawab Malik Amir Mohammad Khan – Former Nawab of Kalabagh, Chief of the Awan tribe and Governor of West Pakistan from 1960 to 1966.[16]
- Air Marshal Nur Khan – Commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Air Force, 1965–69, Governor of West Pakistan, 1969–70, and recipient of the Hilal-i-Jurat, the second-highest military award of Pakistan.[17]
- Tajammul Hussain Malik, War Hero of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, held an impenetrable defence in the Battle of Hilli against a multiple times larger force, famously refused to surrender and attempted coup against the Military Dictatorship of the 1980s
- Mir Sultan Khan – A chess master also believed by some to be the greatest natural chess player of modern times.[18]
- Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi – Urdu poet, journalist, literary critic, dramatist, short story author, recipient of the Pride of Performance and Sitara-e-Imtiaz, the third-highest civil award of Pakistan.[19]
- Sultan Bahu – A Sufi mystic, poet, scholar and founder of mystic tradition known as Sarwari Qadiri.[20]
- Khadim Hussain Rizvi – A Pakistani Islamic scholar and the founder of Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan.[21]
- Ameer Muhammad Akram Awan – Islamic scholar and spiritual leader of the mystic tradition known as Naqshbandia Owaisiah.[22]
- Saad Hussain Rizvi, Pakistani politician
- Abdul Mannan Wazirabadi – Islamic scholar, jurist and muhaddith.[23][better source needed]
- Dilip Kumar – An actor in Hindi cinema.[24]
- Babar Awan – Pakistani politician and lawyer
- Malik Munawar Khan Awan, Pakistan army officer who fought for independence of Azad Hind against the British Raj and a decorated soldier awarded for gallantry for his conquering of areas of the Kashmir Valley in the Second Indo-Pakistani War
- Muhammad Akram NH, Pakistani martyr soldier who commanded an outnumbered regiment at Hilli, East Pakistan and post-humously decorated for the highest military honour of the country
See also
References
Further reading
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