Purple-winged roller

The purple-winged roller (Coracias temminckii) is a species of bird in the family Coraciidae. It is endemic to the Sulawesi subregion in Indonesia and can be found on the islands of Sulawesi, Bangka, Lembeh, Manterawu, Muna and Butung.

Purple-winged roller
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Coraciiformes
Family:	Coraciidae
Genus:	Coracias
Species:	C. temminckii
Binomial name
Coracias temminckii (Vieillot, 1819)
Synonyms
Garrulus Temminckii

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Taxonomy and systematics

The purple-winged roller was formally described in 1819 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot under the binomial name Garrulus temminckii.^[2] The specific epithet was chosen to honour the Dutch ornithologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck.^[3] The type locality is the island of Sulawesi.^[4] The purple-winged roller is now one of nine species placed in the genus Coracias that was introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1758.^[5][6] A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2018 found that the purple-winged roller was most closely related to the Indochinese roller (Coracias affinis).^[7]

The phylogenetic relationships among the Coracias species are shown below, from the molecular study by Johansson et al. (2018)^[7]

Coracias	Blue-bellied roller – C. cyanogaster Purple roller – C. naevius Racket-tailed roller – C. spatulatus Indian roller – C. benghalensis Indochinese roller – C. affinis Purple-winged roller – C. temminckii Lilac-breasted roller – C. caudatus Abyssinian roller – C. abyssinicus European roller – C. garrulus

Alternate names for the purple-winged roller include the Celebes roller, Sulawesi roller, and Temminck's roller.

Description

The purple-winged roller is 30–34 cm (12–13 in) in length, similar in size to the Eurasian jay. The cap and upper-tail coverts are bright azure blue, the back is dark-olive, with the rest of the plumage mainly dark blue. The large bill is black. The sexes are alike. Juveniles are similar to the adults but with duller plumage.^[8]

References

1. BirdLife International (2018). "Coracias temminckii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22682905A130084513. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682905A130084513.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
2. Vieillot, Louis Pierre (1817). Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc (in French). Vol. 29. Paris: Deterville. p. 435.
3. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 381. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
4. Peters, James Lee, ed. (1945). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 244.
5. Linnaeus, Carl (1758). "Coracias". Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. p. 107−108.
6. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2021). "Rollers, ground rollers, kingfishers". IOC World Bird List Version 11.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
7. Johansson, U. S.; Irestedt, M.; Qu, Y.; Ericson, P. G. P. (2018). "Phylogenetic relationships of rollers (Coraciidae) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and fifteen nuclear genes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 126: 17–22. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.030. PMID 29631051. S2CID 5011292.
8. Fry, C. Hilary; Fry, Kathie; Harris, Alan (1992). Kingfishers, Bee-eaters, and Rollers. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 291–292, Plate 40. ISBN 978-0-7136-8028-7.