Police Anti-Terrorist Unit

The Police Anti-Terrorist Unit (PATU) was a paramilitary auxiliary arm of the British South Africa Police (BSAP) in Rhodesia. The unit was founded in 1966.^[1] The concept was created for guerrilla bush warfare and the personnel were both black and white policemen.^[2] The unit was abolished in 1980 following the dissolution of the BSAP.^[3]

Police Anti-Terrorist Unit
The patch of the Police Anti-Terrorist Unit.
Active	1966 - 1980
Country	Rhodesia
Agency	British South Africa Police
Type	Paramilitary
Role	Counterterrorism Counterinsurgency
Part of	British South Africa Police (BSAP)
Abbreviation	PATU
Structure
Subunits	Sticks Support Units Tracking and Observation Units Canine Units Intelligence Units
Notables
Significant operation(s)	Rhodesian Bush War Battle of Sinoia

History

Until 1953, the BSAP was the only armed uniformed force permanently raised in Southern Rhodesia.^[4] PATU was formed in 1966 by the BSAP Chief Superintendent Bill Bailey who had served in the SAS during the Second World War.^[4] Bailey had observed tactics of the Long Range Desert Group and believed that smaller specialist units that could be deployed faster were more advanced ways to win wars. Following the start of the Rhodesian Bush War, Bailey was given permission by the BSAP to set the unit up. The first volunteers were mostly older police reserves who had training in tracking and bush craft but this later extended to regular policemen who had tracking skills.^[2] Though PATU was not designed as a military unit, they eventually ended up taking on the role of a reconnaissance unit for the Rhodesian Security Forces.^[4] They played a key role in the Battle of Sinoia in 1968 where they killed seven ZANLA guerrillas with air support from the Royal Rhodesian Air Force.^[5]

Their tactics involved them being deployed in groups of five known as "sticks".^[1] The group would always be led by a black policeman from a tribe who had tracking and hunting skills and would act as interpreter.^[6] The remaining four would tend to be made up of four white policemen, though some did have tracking experience.^[6] This ratio would be common and there was only one all-black stick.^[7] Initially they patrolled in police uniform but after Operation Cauldron, where there was hesitancy from a Rhodesian Light Infantry commando on firing at an enemy because they wore the same colour trousers as the BSAP's riot uniforms, PATU were issued camouflage uniforms.^[8]

The plan for the unit was that they would be able to stay in the field for long periods of time after rapid deployment. However, due to lack of suitable volunteers in rural areas, a lot of the white policemen joining PATU sticks were white immigrants to Rhodesia who had lived in urban areas and had no experience of the bush.^[6] Sometimes their numbers were made up by policemen seconded from the South African Police, a decision not popular with local Rhodesians due to the South Africans' tendency to make pro-apartheid comments whilst on patrol.^[9] Eventually a majority of those in the police would have taken part in PATU,^[10] though later younger policemen were moved to the Police Support Unit.^[11] The unit was abolished in 1980 when the BSAP was disbanded.^[3]

References

1. Regiments Regiments and Corps of the British Empire and Commonwealth, 1758–1993 : a Critical Bibliography of Their Published Histories. R. Perkins. 1994. p. 293. ISBN 9780950642932.
2. Stapleton, Timothy (2015). Warfare and Tracking in Africa, 1952–1990. Taylor & Francis. p. 80. ISBN 9781317316909.
3. "PATU BSAP-RHODESIA-Metal Badge-NEAR MINT CONDITION was sold for R52.00 on 12 May at 20:16 by smokealot in Durban (ID:64626885)". Bidorbuy.co.za. 2012-05-12. Retrieved 2021-07-09.
4. Cocks, Kerrin (2015). Rhodesian Fire Force 1966–80. Helion. pp. 28–32. ISBN 978-1910294055.
5. Kunene, Thabo (2017-07-27). "The Chinhoyi Battle: Did Zanu send its guerrillas on a suicide mission?". Bulawayo 24. Retrieved 2021-07-09.
6. Smith, Ivan (2014). Bush Pig – District Cop: Service with the British South Africa Police in the Rhodesian Conflict 1965–79. Helion and Company. pp. 71–73. ISBN 9781909982291.
7. Stapleton, Timothy (2011). African Police and Soldiers in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1923-80. University of Rochester Press. p. 180. ISBN 9781580463805.
8. Wood, J. R. T. (2012). A Matter of Weeks Rather than Months. Trafford. pp. 444–447. ISBN 978-1466934092.
9. "Why I quit Smith's Rhodesia". The Observer. 1970-11-08. Retrieved 2021-07-09 – via Newspapers.com.
10. "Salisbury is talking about tokens of the past". The San Francisco Examiner. 1978-11-26. Retrieved 2021-07-09 – via Newspapers.com.
11. Fireforce Exposed. Anti-Apartheid Movement. 1979. p. 21. ISBN 9780900065040.