Pogonophryne

Pogonophryne is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Artedidraconidae, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean.

Pogonophryne
Pogonophryne neyelovi
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Perciformes
Family:	Artedidraconidae
Genus:	Pogonophryne Regan, 1914
Type species
Pogonophryne scotti Regan, 1914[1]

Taxonomy

Pogonophryne was first described as a genus in 1914 by the English ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan when he described a new species of fish, Pogonophryne scotti, which had been collected on the Terra Nova Expedition in the Ross Sea. P. scotti is, therefore, the type species of Pogonophryne by monotypy.^[1][2] The genus name is a compound of pogonos meaning "beard", a reference to the barbel on the chin of P. scotti, and "phryne" which means "toad", possibly an allusion to the bumps and knobs on the head, like the skin of a toad.^[3]

Species

There are currently 28 recognized species in this genus:^[4]

• Pogonophryne albipinna Eakin, 1981 (White-fin plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne barsukovi Andriashev, 1967 (Stub-beard plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne bellingshausenensis Eakin, Eastman & Matallanas, 2008 (Spot-less nape plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne brevibarbata Balushkin, Petrov & Prut'ko, 2011 (Short-beard plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne cerebropogon Eakin & Eastman, 1998 (Brain-beard plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne dewitti Eakin, 1988 (Dewitt's plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne eakini Balushkin, 1999 (Eakin's plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne favosa Balushkin & Korolkova, 2013 ^[5]
• Pogonophryne fusca Balushkin & Eakin, 1998 (Dusky plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne immaculata Eakin, 1981 (Spot-less plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne lanceobarbata Eakin, 1987 (Lance-beard plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne macropogon Eakin, 1981 (Great-beard plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne maculiventrata Spodareva & Balushkin, 2014 (Spot-belly plunderfish) ^[6]
• Pogonophryne marmorata Norman, 1938 (Marbled plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne mentella Andriashev, 1967 (Long-beard plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne neyelovi Shandikov & Eakin, 2013 (Hop-beard plunderfish) ^[7]
• Pogonophryne orangiensis Eakin & Balushkin, 1998 (Orange-beard plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne pallida Balushkin & Spodareva, 2015 (Pale plunderfish) ^[8]
• Pogonophryne pavlovi Balushkin, 2013 (Pavlov's plunderfish) ^[9]
• Pogonophryne permitini Andriashev, 1967 (Fine-spotted plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne platypogon Eakin, 1988 (Flat-beard plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne sarmentifera Balushkin & Spodareva, 2013 ^[10]
• Pogonophryne scotti Regan, 1914 (Saddle-back plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne skorai Balushkin & Spodareva, 2013 ^[11]
• Pogonophryne squamibarbata Eakin & Balushkin, 2000 (Scale-beard plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne stewarti Eakin, Eastman & Near, 2009 (Stewart's plunderfish)
• Pogonophryne tronio Shandikov, Eakin & Usachev, 2013 (Turquoise plunderfish) ^[12]
• Pogonophryne ventrimaculata Eakin, 1987 (Spot-belly plunderfish)

Characteristics

Pogonophryne plunderfishes have a broad head which is flattened with post-temporal ridges which vary from weakly to well developed. They have a snout which is longer than the diameter of the eye and a broad space between the eyes. The mental barbel, the barbel on the chin which characterises the barbeled plunderfishes, is tapered to a point or expanded at its tip to a varying extent and frequently has branched or simple processes. The pper lateral line has tubular scales at the front and disc-shaped scales towards the back. The middle lateral line normally has disc¬shaped scales to the front and tubular scales to the rear, frequently these are interspersed with disc-shaped scales.^[13] The maximum length of these fishes varies from a standard length of 3.8 cm (1.5 in) in P. albipinna to a total length of 35.5 cm (14.0 in) in P. neyelovi.^[4]

Distribution, habitat and biology

Pogonophryne plunderfishes are found in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica reaching as far north as the South Shetland Islands.^[13] They are bathydemersal or bathypelagic^[4] in deeper water typically at depths greater than 100 m (330 ft). Their biology is little known but they are known to feed on polychaetes and crustaceans such as mysids, isopods and copepods.^[13]

References

1. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Artedidraconidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
2. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Pogonophryne". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
3. Scharpf, Christopher & Lazara, Kenneth J., eds. (12 April 2021). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Notothenoididei: Families Bovichtidae, Pseaudaphritidae, Elegopinidae, Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
4. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Pogonophryne". FishBase. June 2021 version.
5. Balushkin, A.V. & Korolkova, E.D. (2013): New Species of Plunderfish Pogonophryne favosa sp. n. (Artedidraconidae, Notothenioidei, Perciformes) from the Cosmonauts Sea (Antarctica) with Description in Artedidraconids of Unusual Anatomical Structures–Convexitas Superaxillaris. Journal of Ichthyology, 53 (8): 562-574.
6. Spodareva, V.V. & Balushkin, A.V. (2014): Description of a new species of plunderfish of genus Pogonophryne (Perciformes: Artedidraconidae) from the Bransfield Strait (Antarctica) with a key for the identification of species of the group "marmorata". Journal of Ichthyology, 54 (1): 1-6.
7. Shandikov, G.A. & Eakin, R.R. (2013): Pogonophryne neyelovi, a new species of Antarctic short-barbeled plunderfish (Perciformes, Notothenioidei, Artedidraconidae) from the deep Ross Sea. ZooKeys, 296: 59–77.
8. Balushkin, A.V. & Spodareva, V.V. (2015): New species of the toad plunderfish of the "albipinna" group, genus Pogonophryne (Artedidraconidae) from the Ross Sea (Antarctica). Journal of Ichthyology, 55 (6): 757-764.
9. Balushkin, A.V. (2013): A new species of Pogonophryne (Perciformes: Notothenioidei: Artedidraconidae) from the deep Ross Sea, Antarctica. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 317 (2): 119-124.
10. Balushkin, A.V. & Spodareva, V.V. (2013): Pogonophryne sarmentifera sp. nov. (Artedidraconidae; Notothenioidei; Perciformes) – the deep-water species of Antarctic plunderfishes from the Ross Sea (Southern Ocean). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 317 (3): 275-281.
11. Balushkin, A.V. & Spodareva, V.V. (2013): Pogonophryne skorai sp. n. (Perciformes: Artedidraconidae), a new species of toadlike plunderfish from the Bransfield Strait and coastal waters of the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 39 (3): 196–201.
12. Shandikov, G.A., Eakin, R.R. & Usachev, S. (2013): Pogonophryne tronio, a new species of Antarctic short-barbeled plunderfish (Perciformes: Notothenioidei: Artedidraconidae) from the deep Ross Sea with new data on Pogonophryne brevibarbata. Polar Biology, 36 (2): 273-289.
13. R. Eakin (1990). "Artedidraconidae Barbeled plunderfishes". In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. ISBN 9780868102115.