Plaza Dilao

Plaza Dilao is a public square in Paco, Manila, bounded by Quirino Avenue to the south and east and Plaza Dilao Road and Quirino Avenue Extension to the north and west. The former site of a Japanese settlement from the Spanish colonial era,^[1] the plaza prominently features a memorial commemorating Japanese Roman Catholic kirishitan daimyō Dom Justo Takayama, who settled there in 1615.^[2] It is one of two open public spaces in Paco, the other being Paco Park.

Plaza Dilao
Public square
The center of the plaza is dominated by a statue of Dom Justo Takayama, who settled here after he was exiled from Japan in 1615.
Owner	City of Manila
Location	Quirino Avenue, Paco Manila, Philippines
Coordinates: 14°34′51″N 120°59′58″E

Plaza Dilao is one of five freedom parks in the City of Manila, where protests and rallies may be held without requiring permission from local authorities.^[3]

History

In Spanish colonial times, Paco (originally Dilao) was home to one of two Japanese settlements in Manila, with the other in San Miguel.^[1] While the Japanese community of Plaza Dilao began with Dom Justo Takayama and his family settling in the surrounding area after they were exiled from Japan in 1615,^[2] most Japanese in Manila at the time were settled around the area now occupied by the Philippine Normal University.^[1] However, in 1762, the Japanese residents of Manila were later relocated here by the Spanish authorities, although after that, the community's population began to decline owing to reduced Japanese immigration to the Philippines and Japan's policy of sakoku.^[4] It is believed that the presence of the Japanese community around the plaza eventually led it to be called "Plaza Dilao",^[5] referring to the yellowish (dilaw in Tagalog) skin tone of the area's inhabitants.

During the American period, Plaza Dilao became a transport center with the construction of Paco railway station in 1915, directly across from the plaza. During World War II, the area was the site of an intense battle between Japanese and joint Filipino and American forces led by Cleto Rodriguez.^[6] The plaza is still considered a transport center: when former President Joseph Estrada became Mayor of Manila in 2013 and ordered a ban on city buses entering Manila, buses, for a while, terminated at the plaza instead of their usual terminus at the Liwasang Bonifacio.^[7]

Surrounding buildings and structures

Aside from Paco railway station, two prominent organizations in the Philippines are headquartered near Plaza Dilao. The Philippine Columbian Association (PCA), the Philippines' oldest sporting club, relocated its headquarters to the plaza on April 1, 1979,^[8] while the Asociación de Damas de Filipinas (Ladies' Association of the Philippines) is located close to the plaza along Quirino Avenue Extension, having been in the same place since its establishment in 1913.^[9] The Paco substation of Meralco, a part of the Sucat–Paco–Araneta–Balintawak Transmission Line of National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP), is located west of the plaza. The southbound off-ramp of Skyway Stage 3's Plaza Dilao Exit is currently being constructed around the plaza, particularly along Plaza Dilao Road.

References

1. Liao, Shubert S.C., ed. (1964). Chinese Participation in Philippine Culture and Economy. Manila: Bookman. p. 155.
2. Tobia-Bulan, Celia H. (2006). Masay: The Untold Story of a Japanese Woman's Heroic Compassion Towards Her Fellowmen. Manila: UST Publishing House. p. 17. ISBN 978-971-506-390-6.
3. "Bunye: Designated rally parks uphold right to free expression". GMA News and Public Affairs. May 2, 2006. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
4. Zaide, Gregorio F. (1957). The Philippines Since Pre-Spanish Times. Vol. 2. Manila: Philippine Education Company. p. 293.
5. Gamil, Jaymee T. (March 17, 2012). "A samurai lives on in Paco". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
6. Bielakowski, Alexander M., ed. (2013). Ethnic and Racial Minorities in the U.S. Military: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 591. ISBN 978-1-59884-427-6.
7. Valdoz, Harmony (August 11, 2013). "Manila bus ban: Of guinea pig commuters and ulterior motives". The Muralla. Manila Times Publishing Corporation. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
8. Carlos, Enrique T. (2005). Cutler, Monette T. (ed.). Leaders of the Veterinary Profession in the Philippines: A Profile of Presidents of the Philippine Veterinary Medical Association and Affiliate Veterinary Associations. Georgetown, Texas: Southwestern University. p. 155. ISBN 9719342315.
9. "TODAY IN HISTORY: In 1913, the Association de Damas Filipinas was established". TV5 News and Information. September 26, 2011. Retrieved January 23, 2014.