Placunidae

Placunidae, also known as windowpane oysters, windowpane shells, and Capiz shells, are a taxonomic family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks which are related to oysters and scallops.

Windowpane oysters
Placuna placenta shells
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Bivalvia
Order:	Pectinida
Family:	Placunidae Rafinesque, 1815
Genus:	Placuna Lightfoot, 1786
Species
Placuna ephippium (Philipsson, 1788) Placuna lincolnii (Gray, 1849) Placuna lobata G. B. Sowerby II, 1871 Placuna placenta (Linnaeus, 1758) Placuna quadrangula (Philipsson, 1788)[1]

This family is best known for the shells of the species Placuna placenta, which are translucent, and are commonly used in shellcraft production. In some cultures, they are cut into 2" x 2" and pressed by a 1/4" wood and are used as a form of light-admitting window.^[2] This shells are a bit reflective and are even used as room movable divider (partition).

The family is closely related to the Anomiidae (saddle oysters). One of the main differences is that the Placunidae do not attach themselves to a hard surface but are instead a mud-living family.

Description

Placunidae are suspension feeders, living on shallow, muddy-bottomed waters. They usually lie with the right valve downwards. The ligament is internal and forms a shallow V-shape.

Reproduction

The sexes are separate and the larval stage is free-swimming.

Cultural usage

Species in the family Placunidae are extensively collected in the Indo-West Pacific, and are cultivated or farmed in several areas.^[3]

The windowpane oysters are valued for their translucent shell. The shells were originally used as a glass substitute in glazing, but nowadays they are mainly used in the manufacture of trays, lampshades and numerous decorative items.^[2]

In coastal areas the flesh is eaten.

Genera and species

Genera and species within the family Placunidae include:

• Placuna Lightfoot, 1786
  • Placuna ephippium (Philipsson, 1788)
  • Placuna lincolnii (Gray, 1849)
  • Placuna lobata G. B. Sowerby II, 1871
  • Placuna placenta Linnaeus, 1758
  • Placuna quadrangula (Philipsson, 1788)

Synonyms

• Placuna lincolnii (Gray, 1849) sensu Lamprell & Whitehead, 1992: synonym of Placuna quadrangula (Philipsson, 1788) (misapplication)
• Placuna orbicularis (Philipsson, 1788): synonym of Placuna placenta (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Placuna papyracea Bruguière, 1792: synonym of Placuna quadrangula (Philipsson, 1788)
• Placuna planicostata Dunker, 1879: synonym of Placuna lobata G. B. Sowerby II, 1871
• Placuna sella Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Placuna ephippium (Philipsson, 1788)

References

1. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Placuna Lightfoot, 1786". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species.
2. "Fisheries and aquaculture of window-pane shells". Malacological Society of London. Retrieved on 2011-10-23.
3. Poutiers, J. M. (1998). "Bivalves (Acephala, Lamellibranchia, Pelecypoda)". In Carpenter, K. E.; Niem, V. H. (eds.). The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves and gastropods. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Vol. 1. Rome: FAO. p. 216. ISBN 92-5-104052-4.