Phyllopsora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae.[2] It was circumscribed by Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1894, with Phyllopsora breviuscula assigned as the type species.[3]
| Phyllopsora | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Phyllopsora furfuracea in Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve, Florida | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Ramalinaceae |
| Genus: | Phyllopsora Müll.Arg. (1894) |
| Type species | |
| Phyllopsora breviuscula (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1894) | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
The characteristics of a fossilized Phyllopsora, P. dominicana, found in Dominican amber, suggests that the main distinguishing features of the genus have remained unchanged for tens of millions of years.[4]
Description
The genus Phyllopsora is distinguished by its scale-like (squamulose) to almost leaf-like (foliose) body (thallus) that often has a distinct border (prothallus). Its reproductive structures, known as asci, have a unique feature: an amyloid dome and a narrow, cone-shaped central structure. The fruiting bodies (apothecia) of this genus are made up of highly gelatinized (jelly-like) fungal threads. These threads show no clear separation between the different structural layers of the apothecium, and this gelatinized texture is consistent throughout the central and marginal areas of the apothecium as well as in the supporting structures (paraphyses). The ascospores produced by Phyllopsora are small, with thin walls, and are typically not divided into separate compartments (rarely septate).[5]
Species
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As of December 2023[update], Species Fungorum accepts 48 species of Phyllopsora:[6]
- Phyllopsora amazonica Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[7]
- Phyllopsora atrocarpa Timdal (2008)[8] – Peru
- Phyllopsora buettneri (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)
- Phyllopsora borbonica Timdal & Krog (2001)[9]
- Phyllopsora breviuscula (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1894)
- Phyllopsora castaneocincta (Hue) Kistenich & Timdal (2019)
- Phyllopsora catervisorediata G.K.Mishra, Upreti & Nayaka (2011)[10] – India
- Phyllopsora chodatinica Elix (2006)[11] – Australia
- Phyllopsora cinchonarum (Fée) Timdal (2008)[8]
- Phyllopsora cognata (Nyl.) Timdal (2011)[12]
- Phyllopsora concinna Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[7]
- Phyllopsora conwayensis Elix (2006)[11] – Australia
- Phyllopsora corallina (Eschw.) Müll.Arg. (1894)
- Phyllopsora dodongensis S.Y.Kondr. & Hur (2020)[13] – South Korea
- Phyllopsora dolichospora Timdal & Krog (2001)[9]
- Phyllopsora dominicana Rikkinen (2008)[4]
- Phyllopsora foliata (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (1926)
- Phyllopsora foliatella Elix (2006)[14] – Australia
- Phyllopsora furfuracea (Pers.) Zahlbr. (1905)
- Phyllopsora furfurella Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[7]
- Phyllopsora glaucella (Vain.) Timdal (2008)[8]
- Phyllopsora glaucescens Timdal (2008)[8] – Peru
- Phyllopsora gossypina (Sw.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)
- Phyllopsora himalayensis G.K.Mishra, Upreti & Nayaka (2011)[10] – India
- Phyllopsora hispaniolae Timdal (2011)[12]
- Phyllopsora homosekikaica Elix (2006)[11] – Australia
- Phyllopsora imshaugii Timdal (2011)[12]
- Phyllopsora isidiosa Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[7]
- Phyllopsora lividocarpa Timdal (2008)[8] – Peru
- Phyllopsora loekoesii S.Y.Kondr., Farkas, S.O.Oh & Hur (2016)[15]
- Phyllopsora magna Kaasalainen, Rikkinen & A.R.Schmidt (2017)[16]
- Phyllopsora methoxymicareica Elix (2006)[11] – Australia
- Phyllopsora nemoralis Timdal & Krog (2001)[9]
- Phyllopsora neofoliata Elix (2006)[11] – Australia
- Phyllopsora neotinica Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[7]
- Phyllopsora nigrocincta Timdal (2008)[8] – Peru
- Phyllopsora parvifolia (Pers.) Müll.Arg. (1894)
- Phyllopsora phaeobyssina (Vain.) Timdal (2011)[12]
- Phyllopsora pocsii Vězda (2003)
- Phyllopsora pseudocorallina Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[17] – Asia; Africa
- Phyllopsora pyxinoides (Nyl.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)
- Phyllopsora rappiana (Brako) Elix (2006)[14] – Australia
- Phyllopsora rosei Coppins & P.James (1979)[18] – Europe
- Phyllopsora sabahana Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[17] – Malaysia
- Phyllopsora siamensis Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[17] – Thailand
- Phyllopsora soralifera Timdal (2008)[8] – Peru
- Phyllopsora subhyalina (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (1926)
- Phyllopsora swinscowii Timdal & Krog (2001)[9]
- Phyllopsora teretiuscula Timdal (2011)[12]
- Phyllopsora tobagensis Timdal (2011)[12]
References
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