Philipp von Jolly

Johann Philipp Gustav von Jolly (26 September 1809 – 24 December 1884) was a German experimental physicist. He measured gravitational acceleration with precision weights and also worked on osmosis. He also designed several tools like the Jolly balance in 1864, a special eudiometer in 1878, as well as his own air pump and Jolly air thermometer.^[1]

Life

Born in Mannheim,^[1] as the son of merchant Ludwig Jolly [de] and Marie Eleonore Jolly,^{[citation needed]} who came originally from France.^[1]

His primary education was in Mannheim. Jolly attended joined Heidelberg University in 1829, to study physics and mathematics.^[1] During his studies he worked in Vienna as a mechanician for factories and mining plants, before returning back to Heidelberg in 1834, where he received his PhD.^[1] After his studies, he was appointed professor of mathematics in 1839 and professor of physics in 1846, in Heidelberg.

He moved to the University of Munich in 1854, where he took the position once held by Georg Simon Ohm.^[1] He was knighted in 1854^[2] (and henceforth referred to as von Jolly).

Jolly died in Munich.

Relationship with other scientists

Von Jolly was initially skeptical of Julius von Mayer's theory on the mechanical equivalent of heat. Ernst Mach recalled a time when von Mayer was looking for advice, but Jolly said that if von Meyer's theory was right "then water should be warmed by merely shaking it." Von Meyer immediately left the room without saying a word, and after a few weeks, he surprised von Jolly in his office by shouting "and so it is!" (German: Es ischt aso!).^[3][4]

One of Jolly's students at the University of Munich was Max Planck, whom he advised in 1878 not to go into theoretical physics.^[5] Nevertheless, Planck's later work lead to the discovery of quantum mechanics.^[5] Later in life Planck reported:^[2][6]

As I began my university studies I asked my venerable teacher Philipp von Jolly for advice regarding the conditions and prospects of my chosen field of study. He described physics to me as a highly developed, nearly fully matured science, that through the crowning achievement of the discovery of the principle of conservation of energy it will arguably soon take its final stable form. It may yet keep going in one corner or another, scrutinizing or putting in order a jot here and a tittle there, but the system as a whole is secured, and theoretical physics is noticeably approaching its completion to the same degree as geometry did centuries ago. That was the view fifty years ago of a respected physicist at the time.

Selected works

• Anleitung zur Differential- und Integralrechnung, 1846 – Manual of differential and integral calculus.
• Die Principien der Mechanik, 1852 – The principles of mechanics.
• Eine Federwage zu exacten Wägungen, 1864 – A spring balance for exact weight measurements.
• Die Anwendung der Waage auf Probleme der Gravitation, 1878, zweite Abhandlung, 1881 – Application of a scale to problems of gravitation in two parts.

References

1. Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Philipp Johann Gustav von Jolly" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2. Wells, James D. (2016-03-06). "Prof. von Jolly's 1878 prediction of the end of theoretical physics as reported by Max Planck". Scholardox. hdl:2027.42/163719.
3. Mott-Smith, Morton (1964). The Concept of Energy Simply Explained. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-88307-626-2.
4. Mach, Ernst (2014). Die Prinzipien der Wärmelehre (in German). SEVERUS Verlag. ISBN 978-3-86347-862-9.
5. Lightman, Alan (2009-05-14). The Discoveries: Great Breakthroughs in 20th-Century Science, Including the Original Papers. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-48384-3.
6. Planck, Max (2001), Planck, Max; Roos, Hans; Hermann, Armin (eds.), "Vom Relativen zum Absoluten", Vorträge Reden Erinnerungen (in German), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 103–117, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56594-6_11, ISBN 978-3-642-56594-6, retrieved 2024-03-18