Peroxymonosulfuric acid
Powerful oxidizing agent From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Peroxymonosulfuric acid, also known as persulfuric acid, peroxysulfuric acid is the inorganic compound with the formula H2SO5. It is a white solid. It is a component of Caro's acid, which is a solution of peroxymonosulfuric acid in sulfuric acid containing small amounts of water.[4] Peroxymonosulfuric acid is a very strong oxidant (E0 = +2.51 V).
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC names
Peroxysulfuric acid Sulfuroperoxoic acid[1] | |
| Systematic IUPAC name | |
| Other names
Peroxosulfuric acid[1] Peroxomonosulfuric acid[citation needed] Persulfuric acid[citation needed] Caro's acid | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.879 |
| EC Number |
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| 101039 | |
PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 1483 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| H 2SO 5 | |
| Molar mass | 114.078 g mol−1 |
| Appearance | White crystals |
| Density | 2.239 g cm−3 |
| Melting point | 45 °C |
| Acidity (pKa) | 1, 9.3[3] |
| Conjugate base | Peroxomonosulfate |
| Structure | |
| Tetrahedral at S | |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
strong oxidizer |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Structure
In peroxymonosulfuric acid, the S(VI) center adopts its characteristic tetrahedral geometry; the connectivity is indicated by the formula HO–O–S(O)2–OH. The S-O-H proton is more acidic.[4]
History
The German chemist Heinrich Caro first reported investigations of mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid.[5]
Synthesis and production
One laboratory scale preparation of Caro's acid involves the combination of chlorosulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide:[6]
- H2O2 + ClSO2OH ⇌ H2SO5 + HCl
Patents include more than one reaction for preparation of Caro's acid, usually as an intermediate for the production of potassium monopersulfate (PMPS), a bleaching and oxidizing agent. One route employs the following reaction:[7]
- H2O2 + H2SO4 ⇌ H2SO5 + H2O
This reaction is related to "piranha solution".
Uses in industry
H
2SO
5 and Caro's acid have been used for a variety of disinfectant and cleaning applications, e.g., swimming pool treatment and denture cleaning. It is used in gold mining to destroy the cyanide in the waste stream ("Tailings").
Alkali metal salts of H
2SO
5, especially oxone, are widely investigated.
Hazards
These peroxy acids can be explosive. Explosions have been reported at Brown University[8] and Sun Oil. As with all strong oxidizing agents, peroxysulfuric acid is incompatible with organic compounds.
See also
References
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