Paean (god)

This article is about the god. For other uses, see Paean (disambiguation).

In Greek mythology, Paean (Ancient Greek: Παιάν), Paeëon or Paieon (Παιήων), or Paeon or Paion (Παιών) was the physician of the gods.^[1][2]

Mycenaean Greece

The name Paean is believed to be first attested in Mycenaean Greek as an alternative name of Apollo; the attested form of the name, written in Linear B, is 𐀞𐀊𐀺𐀚, pa-ja-wo-ne.^[3][4][5]

Homer and Hesiod

A god of healing named Παιήων is mentioned twice in the Iliad.^[6] In book 5, the Olympian god of war Ares is wounded by mortal hero Diomedes, who is assisted by Athena. Ares is taken up to Olympus in a hurry, where Paeon applies medicine (Ancient Greek: φάρμακα) that produces an instant relief.^[7] Hades too had a similar medical treatment by Paeon when he was shot with an arrow by Heracles.^[8] In the Odyssey, Homer says of Egypt, "[T]here the earth, the giver of grain, bears greatest store of drugs, many that are healing when mixed, and many that are baneful; there every man is a physician, wise above human kind; for they are of the race of Paeeon."^[9]

Hesiod identifies Paeon as an individual deity: "Unless Phoebus Apollo should save him from death, or Paean himself who knows the remedies for all things."^[10][11]

In time, Paeon (more usually spelled Paean) became an epithet of Apollo, in his capacity as a god capable of bringing disease and therefore propitiated as a god of healing.^[12] Later, Paeon becomes an epithet of Asclepius, the healer-god.^[13] Later, perhaps due to his identification with Apollo, Helios was also invoked as "Paion."^[1][14]

Notes

1. Παιάν. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
2. Marshall Cavendish Corporation (2005). Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology. Marshall Cavendish. p. 1069. ISBN 978-0-7614-7559-0.
3. Schofield, Louise (2007). The Mycenaeans. The British Museum Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-89236-867-9.
4. "KN V 52+". Deaditerranean: Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B. Archived from the original on 2016-03-18. Retrieved 2014-03-08.
5. Chadwick, John (1976). The Mycenaean World. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 89. ISBN 0-521-29037-6. At Google Books.
6. Gantz, p. 96.
7. "Homer, Iliad, Book 5, line 899". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Tufts University.
8. "Homer, Iliad, Book 5, line 363". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Tufts University.
9. "Homer, Odyssey, Book 4, line 219". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Tufts University.
10. Hesiod & Evelyn-White 2007, p. 159.
11. Graf 2009, p. 66–67.
12. Graf 2009, pp. 66–67.
13. Eustathius of Thessalonica, on Homer, §1494; Virgil. Aeneid, vii. 769.
14. Farnell vol IV, p. 137

References

• Connor, Peter, "Paeon" in Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology, Publisher: Marshall Cavendish Corporation (January 2005). ISBN 978-0-7614-7559-0.
• Hesiod; Evelyn-White, Hugh G. (2007). Hesiod the Homeric Hymns and Homerica. BiblioBazaar, LLC. ISBN 978-1-4264-7293-0.
• Gantz, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: ISBN 978-0801853609 (Vol. 1), ISBN 978-0801853623 (Vol. 2).
• Graf, Fritz (2009). Apollo. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-31711-5.
• Homer. The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924.
• Homer. The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919.
• Farnell, Lewis Richard, The Cults of the Greek States vol. ΙV, Cambridge University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-1-108-01546-2.
• Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Paean"

External links

• Theoi Project - Paion