PAPOLA

Poly(A) polymerase alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAPOLA gene.^[5][6][7]

PAPOLA
Identifiers
Aliases	PAPOLA, PAP, poly(A) polymerase alpha, PAP-alpha
External IDs	OMIM: 605553; MGI: 109301; HomoloGene: 23389; GeneCards: PAPOLA; OMA:PAPOLA - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 14 (human)[1] Band 14q32.2 Start 96,501,433 bp[1] End 96,567,116 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 12 (mouse)[2] Band 12|12 E Start 105,750,953 bp[2] End 105,805,203 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in epithelium of colon Epithelium of choroid plexus ventricular zone ganglionic eminence Achilles tendon mucosa of sigmoid colon bone marrow cells body of pancreas endometrium jejunal mucosa Top expressed in genital tubercle tail of embryo yolk sac ventricular zone neural layer of retina abdominal wall dermis islet of Langerhans spermatid decidua More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity nucleotide binding nucleotidyltransferase activity manganese ion binding metal ion binding protein binding RNA binding ATP binding magnesium ion binding polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity Cellular component cytoplasm nucleoplasm nucleus Biological process mRNA splicing, via spliceosome termination of RNA polymerase II transcription RNA 3'-end processing mRNA processing mRNA polyadenylation mRNA 3'-end processing regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing RNA polyadenylation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 10914 18789 Ensembl ENSG00000090060 ENSMUSG00000021111 UniProt P51003 Q61183 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001252006 NM_001252007 NM_001293627 NM_001293628 NM_001293632 NM_032632 NM_001363662 NM_001363664 NM_001363665 NM_001363666 NM_011112 NM_001347440 RefSeq (protein) NP_001238935 NP_001238936 NP_001280556 NP_001280557 NP_001280561 NP_116021 NP_001350591 NP_001350593 NP_001350594 NP_001350595 NP_001334369 NP_035242 Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 96.5 – 96.57 Mb Chr 12: 105.75 – 105.81 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

PAPOLA binds to FIP1L1 (Factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1), a subunit of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 1 (CPSF1) complex. This complex polyadenylates the 3' end of precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNA) (see CPSF). CPSF1 is an RNA processing protein that binds to uracil-rich sequences in pre-mRNA, binds with and stimulates PAPOLA's Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity, and thereby adds adenylyl residues to pre-mRNA. This poly-adenylyl action increases pre mRNA's maturation and movement from the nucleus to cytoplasm while dramatically increasing the stability of the mRNA formed from pre-mRNA: FIP1L1 is a Pre-mRNA 3'-end-processing factor. FIP1L1 gene fusions between it and either the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha (PGDFRA) or Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) genes are causes of certain human diseases associated with pathologically increased levels of blood eosinophils and/or Leukemias.^[8]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000090060 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021111 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Thuresson AC, Astrom J, Astrom A, Gronvik KO, Virtanen A (Mar 1994). "Multiple forms of poly(A) polymerases in human cells". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91 (3): 979–83. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91..979T. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.3.979. PMC 521437. PMID 8302877.
6. Yamauchi T, Sugimoto J, Hatakeyama T, Asakawa S, Shimizu N, Isobe M (Sep 1999). "Assignment of the human poly(A) polymerase (PAP) gene to chromosome 14q32.1-q32.2 and isolation of a polymorphic CA repeat sequence". J Hum Genet. 44 (4): 253–5. doi:10.1007/s100380050154. PMID 10429366.
7. "Entrez Gene: PAPOLA poly(A) polymerase alpha".
8. "FIP1L1 factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1 [Homo sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI".

Further reading

• Weichs an der Glon C, Ashe M, Eggermont J, Proudfoot NJ (1993). "Tat-dependent occlusion of the HIV poly(A) site". EMBO J. 12 (5): 2119–28. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05860.x. PMC 413433. PMID 8491200.
• Pendurthi UR, Alok D, Rao LV (1997). "Binding of factor VIIa to tissue factor induces alterations in gene expression in human fibroblast cells: up-regulation of poly(A) polymerase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (23): 12598–603. Bibcode:1997PNAS...9412598P. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.23.12598. PMC 25051. PMID 9356495.
• Varani L, Gunderson SI, Mattaj IW, et al. (2000). "The NMR structure of the 38 kDa U1A protein - PIE RNA complex reveals the basis of cooperativity in regulation of polyadenylation by human U1A protein". Nat. Struct. Biol. 7 (4): 329–35. doi:10.1038/74101. PMID 10742179. S2CID 13432764.
• Mouland AJ, Coady M, Yao XJ, Cohen EA (2002). "Hypophosphorylation of poly(A) polymerase and increased polyadenylation activity are associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr expression". Virology. 292 (2): 321–30. doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1261. PMID 11878934.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Kim H, Lee JH, Lee Y (2003). "Regulation of poly(A) polymerase by 14-3-3epsilon". EMBO J. 22 (19): 5208–19. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg486. PMC 204469. PMID 14517258.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, et al. (2004). "A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway". Nat. Cell Biol. 6 (2): 97–105. doi:10.1038/ncb1086. PMID 14743216. S2CID 11683986.
• Kaufmann I, Martin G, Friedlein A, et al. (2005). "Human Fip1 is a subunit of CPSF that binds to U-rich RNA elements and stimulates poly(A) polymerase". EMBO J. 23 (3): 616–26. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600070. PMC 1271804. PMID 14749727.
• Dettwiler S, Aringhieri C, Cardinale S, et al. (2005). "Distinct sequence motifs within the 68-kDa subunit of cleavage factor Im mediate RNA binding, protein-protein interactions, and subcellular localization" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 279 (34): 35788–97. doi:10.1074/jbc.M403927200. PMID 15169763.
• Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, et al. (2004). "Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway". Genome Res. 14 (7): 1324–32. doi:10.1101/gr.2334104. PMC 442148. PMID 15231748.
• Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, et al. (2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (33): 12130–5. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10112130B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404720101. PMC 514446. PMID 15302935.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.