Outer Circle railway line

For another railway, see Outer Circle (London).

The Outer Circle Railway was opened in stages in 1890 and 1891, as a steam-era suburban railway line, in Melbourne, Australia. It traversed much of the modern City of Boroondara, including the suburbs of (from north to south) Kew East, Camberwell, Burwood, Ashburton, and Malvern East. At its longest, it ran from Fairfield station, on what is today the Hurstbridge line, to Oakleigh station, on the current Gippsland line.

Outer Circle
Overview
Status	Closed line – Outer Circle (Anniversary) Trail, operational with passenger services from Riversdale to Alamein
Owner	Victorian Railways (1890–1983) MTA (1983–1989) PTC (1989–1997) VicTrack (1997–Current)
Locale	Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Termini	Fairfield Oakleigh
Continues from	Hurstbridge
Continues as	Gippsland line
Connecting lines	Alamein, Belgrave, Gippsland, Glen Waverley, Hurstbridge, Lilydale
Stations	9 current stations 6 former stations
Service
Services	Alamein
History
Commenced	24 March 1890 (1890-03-24)
Opened	Darling to Oakleigh on 24 March 1890 (1890-03-24) Camberwell to Waverley Road on 30 May 1890 (1890-05-30) Fairfield to Riversdale on 24 March 1891 (1891-03-24) Shenley to Canterbury on 15 March 1892 (1892-03-15)
Completed	15 March 1892 (1892-03-15)
Reopen	See Alamein line
Closed	Fairfield to Riversdale on 12 April 1893 (1893-04-12) Shenley to Canterbury on 12 April 1893 (1893-04-12) Ashburton to Oakleigh on 9 December 1895 (1895-12-09) Darling to Waverley Road on 9 December 1895 (1895-12-09) Camberwell to Ashburton on 1 May 1897 (1897-05-01)
Technical
Line length	25.275 km (15.705 mi)
Number of tracks	Single track
Track gauge	1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)
Route map Legend km Hurstbridge line to Flinders Street 0.0 Fairfield Hurstbridge line to Hurstbridge Fulham Grange Heidelberg Road APM Siding (not original) Yarra River (now used as Chandler Highway) Willsmere High Street East Kew Burke Road Deepdene Whitehorse Road (Maroondah Highway) Roystead (not original) Shenley Canterbury Road Belgrave & Lilydale lines to Canterbury East Camberwell (not original) | Belgrave & Lilydale lines Alamein line to Camberwell Riversdale ■ Riversdale Road Willison (not original) Hartwell (not original) Toorak Road (Burwood Highway) Burwood ■ Ashburton High Street Alamein (not original) Gardiners Creek (Kooyongkoot Creek) Monash Freeway Glen Waverley line Glen Waverley line to Darling Waverley Road (closed) Dandenong Road (Princes Highway) Bairnsdale/Traralgon, Cranbourne & Pakenham lines to Flinders Street Hughesdale (not original) Rosstown Railway to Elsternwick (dismantled) Warrigal Road 25.3 Oakleigh Bairnsdale/Traralgon, Cranbourne & Pakenham lines to Dandenong km This diagram: view talk edit

History

The Outer Circle railway was first advocated in 1867, by a group known as the Upper Yarra Railway League, who suggested that the Gippsland railway line could be brought into Melbourne via the outer suburbs. However, the term itself was coined in 1873 by Engineer-in-Chief of the Victorian Railways, Thomas Higinbotham, who suggested an "outer circle route".^[1][2][3][4]

Construction of the Gippsland line was authorised in 1873, but the line, which was to be operated by the Victorian Railways, could not be brought into Melbourne by the direct route used today because the privately owned Melbourne & Hobson's Bay United Railway Company (M&HBUR) controlled the line from Flinders Street to South Yarra, and there was no connection between the privately run Flinders Street station and the Victorian Railways station at Spencer Street.^[5] That problem was solved when the M&HBUR was purchased by the government in 1878, and the direct rail line from South Yarra to Oakleigh was opened the next year.^[6]

Agitation for the Outer Circle line was then taken over by politicians and land speculators.^[7] It was included in the 1882 Railway Construction Act, and was authorised by the 1884 Railway Construction Act, passed on 12 December 1884.^[8] The act also authorised the construction of a viaduct connecting Flinders Street and Spencer Street stations. By 1885, two of the parliamentarians who had helped gain approval for the line, F.E. Beaver and James Munro, had purchased half the land adjoining the new railway.^[9][10]

Construction commenced in 1888 and was completed in 1891. The Outer Circle connected Camberwell station (on the modern Belgrave and Lilydale lines) with Oakleigh station to the south, via Riversdale on what is now the Alamein line. The northern section ran from Riversdale to Fairfield station (then called Fairfield Park).

There was also a branch line from the closed Waverley Road station (near the modern East Malvern station) to Darling and Burnley. That was the first section of what later became the Glen Waverley line, and was opened a few weeks before the Outer Circle.

When opened the line was 10.3 miles (16.6 km) in length, and had 11 stations, all provided with twin platforms and crossing loops. Provision was made for double track, and heavier-duty 75 pounds (34 kg) per yard rails were used.^[11] Despite that, the line never carried Gippsland traffic, and the severe economic depression of the early 1890s meant that suburban development along the line ceased.^[12]

Services

For operation post reopening on 4 July 1898, see Alamein railway line.

Diagram showing Melbourne's rail network, including former and planned lines

The first section of the Outer Circle opened was on 24 March 1890, from Oakleigh to Waverley Road, and on to Burnley. It was followed by the line from Waverley Road to Camberwell on 24 March 1890, and the Riversdale to Fairfield Park section on 24 March 1891.^[13] From this time the line was operated as three different passenger services:^[14]

• Oakleigh to Burnley, change at Waverley Road for,
• Waverly Road to Camberwell, change at Riversdale for,
• Riversdale to Fairfield Park.

Lack of passengers led to service cuts, and the Riversdale to Fairfield Park section was closed completely from 12 April 1893, being replaced by a horse bus service.^[15] The Oakleigh to Ashburton and Darling section closed on 9 December 1895,^[15][16] and the last section, from Camberwell to Ashburton, closed on 1 May 1897.^[17] Camberwell to Ashburton was reopened 4 July 1898^[13] as the Ashburton line.

Station histories

Station	Opened[18]	Closed[18]	Age	Notes[18]
Fairfield	8 May 1888 || || data-sort-value=49,851 | 136 years	Formerly Fairfield Park
Fulham Grange	24 March 1891 || 12 April 1893 || data-sort-value=750 | 24 months
Willsmere	24 March 1891 || 12 April 1893 || data-sort-value=750 | 24 months
East Kew	24 March 1891 || 12 April 1893 || data-sort-value=750 | 24 months	Reopened as part of Alamein line
Deepdene	24 March 1891 || 12 April 1893 || data-sort-value=750 | 24 months	Reopened as part of Alamein line
Shenley	24 March 1891 || 12 April 1893 || data-sort-value=750 | 24 months	Reopened as part of Alamein line
Camberwell	3 April 1882 || || data-sort-value=52,078 | 142 years
Canterbury	1 December 1882 || || data-sort-value=51,836 | 141 years
Riversdale	30 May 1890 || 1 May 1897 || data-sort-value=2,528 | 6 years	Reopened as part of Alamein line
Burwood	30 May 1890 || 1 May 1897 || data-sort-value=2,528 | 6 years	Formerly Hartwell Reopened as part of Alamein line
Ashburton	30 May 1890 || 1 May 1897 || data-sort-value=2,528 | 6 years	Formerly Norwood Reopened as part of Alamein line
Darling	24 March 1890 || || data-sort-value=49,166 | 134 years
Waverley Road	24 March 1890 || 9 December 1895 || data-sort-value=2,086 | 5 years	Formerly Waverley
Oakleigh	8 October 1877 || || data-sort-value=53,716 | 147 years

Today

Remains of Fulham Grange station in 2007

Aerial photo showing the alignment of the former Outer Circle Line at its former junction with the Hurstbridge Line near Fulham Grange, Alphington.

Outer Circle Railway formation south of Alamein station in 2011. Note stanchions for overhead catenary, erected in 1948 to connect Alamein to the Glen Waverley Line.

Today, the southern section of the line from Camberwell to Alamein is part of the Melbourne suburban railway network as the Alamein line. The northern section of the line, starting at East Camberwell, has been converted into the Outer Circle Trail, a walking and bicycle path.^[19] All of the closed stations have since been demolished, as has the railway infrastructure of the line, but some road overbridges and underbridges remain. The rail bridge over the Yarra River was converted into a road bridge as part of the Chandler Highway sometime after 1919.^[20] The track between Fairfield station and the northern bank of the Yarra River came into use from 1919 as the APM Siding,^[20] serving a paper mill built on the site.

Proposals for re-opening the line are regularly canvassed online.^[21]

Media

In 2014, a documentary, Melbourne's Forgotten Railway – The Outer Circle,^[22] was produced by a Melbourne-based media production team, led by Ron Killeen and Andrew McColm. It documented the line and included "historians, an urban planning expert, as well as people who actually remember seeing and riding on the train".^[23]

See also

• Inner Circle railway line
• Outer Circle Bicycle Path
• The Outer Circle Line documentary

References

1. Beardsell & Herbert 1979, p. 1.
2. "THE OUTER-CIRCLE RAILWAY". The Argus (Melbourne). No. 8, 530. Victoria, Australia. 14 October 1873. p. 6. Retrieved 22 June 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
3. "THE OUTER CIRCLE RAILWAY". Weekly Times. No. 217. Victoria, Australia. 1 November 1873. p. 7. Retrieved 22 June 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
4. "THE PROPOSED NEW SUBURBAN LINES". The Argus (Melbourne). No. 11, 952. Victoria, Australia. 11 October 1884. p. 5. Retrieved 22 June 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
5. Beardsell & Herbert 1979, p. 6.
6. Beardsell & Herbert 1979, p. 19.
7. Beardsell & Herbert 1979, p. 4.
8. Beardsell & Herbert 1979, p. 26.
9. Beardsell & Herbert 1979, p. 27.
10. "THE OUTER CIRCLE RAILWAY. CONTRACT FOR ITS CONSTRUCTION". The Age. No. 10314. Victoria, Australia. 13 March 1888. p. 5. Retrieved 22 June 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
11. Beardsell & Herbert 1979, p. 55.
12. Beardsell & Herbert 1979, p. 56.
13. S.E. Dornan and R.G. Henderson (1979). Electric Railways of Victoria. Australian Electric Traction Society. p. 84. ISBN 0-909459-06-1.
14. Beardsell & Herbert 1979, p. 50.
15. Beardsell & Herbert 1979, p. 59.
16. "Victorian Railways. An unremuerative line closed". Evening News. No. 8062. New South Wales, Australia. 4 April 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 22 June 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
17. Beardsell & Herbert 1979, p. 60.
18. Anderson, Rick (2010). Stopping All Stations. Clunes, Victoria: Full Parallel Productions. ISBN 978-0646543635. OCLC 671303814.
19. "Outer Circle Rail Trail – Trail Description". railtrails.org.au. Retrieved 12 March 2008.
20. S Cauchi (November 1994). "Closure of the Australian Paper Ltd siding at Fairfield". Newsrail. Vol. 22, no. 11. Australian Railway Historical Society (Victorian Division). pp. 328–331.
21. "Hypothetical: The Outer Circle rebuilt?". Railpage. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
22. Shack West (14 December 2014). Melbourne's Forgotten Railway – The Outer Circle (Motion Picture). Retrieved 21 October 2019 – via Vimeo.
23. Killeen, Ron (4 December 2014). "Melbourne's Forgotten Railway – documentary out now!" (PDF) (Press release). Melbourne, Victoria: Shack West. Retrieved 20 October 2019.

Sources

• Beardsell, David; Herbert, Bruce (1979). The Outer Circle: A history of the Oakleigh to Fairfield Park Railway. Australian Railway Historical Society (Victorian Division). ISBN 0-85849-024-2.