Ospedale degli Incurabili, Venice

The Ospedale degli Incurabili is a large sixteenth-century hospital building on the Fondamenta delle Zattere [it], in the sestiere of Dorsoduro, in Venice in north-eastern Italy.^[1][2] Today it is occupied by the Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia.^[3]: 153 It was built in the second half of the sixteenth century; the church – which no longer exists – may have been designed by Jacopo Sansovino.

Ospedale degli Incurabili
Ospedale degli incurabili
The former hospital in 2017
General information
Location	Fondamenta delle Zattere, Venice
Country	Italy
Coordinates	45.4286°N 12.3305°E / 45.4286; 12.3305
Current tenants	Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia
Design and construction
Architect(s)	Jacopo Sansovino

Eighteenth-century engraving of the Ospedali degli Incurabili

History

The Ospedale degli Incurabili dates from the early sixteenth century; the first documented mention of it is from 1522. It was established by Gaetano da Thiene^[3]: 153 with money donated by two noblewomen, Maria Grimani and Maria Malipiero.^[1]: 258 It was at first intended to accommodate those with incurable diseases such as syphilis, but later – like several other Venetian institutions – became an orphanage.^{[4]: 428 [2]: 65} The first structure was probably of wood.^[3]: 153

From about 1565 – when a request for funds was made to the Senate – until his death in 1597, Antonio da Ponte was responsible for the construction of a substantial building with a large porticoed courtyard, in which stood a church dedicated to San Salvatore, probably built to a design by Jacopo Sansovino.^[3]: 153 It has been suggested that he was also responsible for the layout of the hospital building, which others attribute to Antonio Zentani.^{[1]: 259 [4]: 428}

In 1807, after the suppression of religious orders which followed the fall of the Republic of Venice and its subsequent fall under the dominion of Napoleon, the structure of the Incurabili became first a civil hospital and then, in 1819, a military barracks. The church of San Salvatore was stripped of its contents – which included the altars, marble statuary, and paintings by L'Aliense, Giorgione, Sante Peranda, Tintoretto and Paolo Veronese – and was closed; in 1831 it was demolished.^{[1]: 259 [5]: 74}

Among those associated with the work of the Incurabili in its early years are Ignazio da Loyola, Gerolamo Miani and Francesco Saverio.^{[1]: 259 [3]: 153}

Music

As in the other three Ospedali Grandi – the Derelitti or Ospedaletto, the Mendicanti, and the Pietà – the young women of the Incurabili received extensive musical education, and gave musical performances which by the eighteenth century had acquired international renown; among those who gave accounts of such performances were Charles Burney, Goethe, Johann Joachim Quantz and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.^[6]: 42 The first documented oratorio performance at the Incurabili was in 1677, of the San Francesco Xaverio of Carlo Pallavicino, who was maestro di coro there from 1674 until 1685.^[7][8] From 1696 until at least 1718 – and perhaps until 1722 – the musical director was Carlo Francesco Pollarolo.^[9] The Hamburg composer Johann Adolph Hasse had associations with the Incurabili for some fifty years,^[10]: 282 and was maestro di cappella there from no later than 1736.^[11] After his departure for Dresden, he recommended that the post be given to Niccolò Jommelli, who was appointed in 1743.^[11][12]

Vincenzo Legrenzio Ciampi worked at the Ospedale from 1747 until his death in 1762, initially as assistant maestro di coro under Giovanni Battista Runcher, and then as maestro. He was able to obtain permission to spend long periods abroad, and was in London for much of this time; Gioacchino Cocchi took his place during his absences.^[13][14]

References

1. Marcello Brusegan (2005). La grande guida dei monumenti di Venezia (in Italian). Roma: Newton & Compton. ISBN 9788854104754.
2. [s.n.] (2004). Venezia e provincia: Chioggia, la Laguna, i lidi, le ville del Brenta (in Italian). Milano: Touring Editore. ISBN 9788836529186.
3. Giovanna Cassese (editor) (2013). Accademie: Patrimoni di Belle Arti (in Italian). Roma: Gangemi Editore. ISBN 9788849226713.
4. Letizia Gianni (1985). Venezia (Guida d'Italia, volume 7, in Italian). Milano: Touring Club Italiano. ISBN 9788836500062.
5. Giuseppe Tassini (1885). Edifici di Venezia distrutti o volti ad uso diverso da quello a cui furono in origine destinati (in Italian). Venezia: Reale tipografia G. Cecchini.
6. Eleanor Selfridge-Field (1994 [1975]). Venetian Instrumental Music from Gabrieli to Vivaldi, third revised edition. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0486281515.
7. Howard E. Smither (2001). Oratorio. Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20397. (subscription required).
8. Harris S. Saunders (2001). Pallavicino, Carlo. Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20762. (subscription required).
9. Olga Termini (2001). Pollarolo, Carlo Francesco. Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.22025. (subscription required).
10. Sven Hostrup Hansell (1970). Sacred Music at the "Incurabili" in Venice at the Time of J. A. Hasse, part I. Journal of the American Musicological Society 23 (2): 282–301. (subscription required).
11. Sven Hansell (2002). Hasse, Johann Adolf. Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O008779. (subscription required).
12. Marita P. McClymonds, Paul Cauthen (2002). Jommelli, Niccolò (opera). Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O009120. (subscription required).
13. Dennis Libby, Saskia Willaert, James L. Jackman (2001). Ciampi, Vincenzo (Legrenzio). Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.05750. (subscription required).
14. Piero Weiss (2001). Cocchi, Gioacchino. Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.06014. (subscription required).