Oskar Zimmermann

Oskar Zimmermann (6 December 1917 – 12 June 1976) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. He received this award after 28 aerial victories—that is, 28 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft.

Oskar Zimmermann
Born	6 December 1917 Wiesenthal-Löwenberg
Died	12 June 1976(1976-06-12) (aged 58) Bad Hersfeld
Allegiance	Nazi Germany
Service / branch	Luftwaffe
Years of service	1939–1945
Rank	Leutnant (second lieutenant)
Unit	JG 3
Battles / wars	World War II Defence of the Reich Operation Bodenplatte
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

World War II

On 7 April 1944, Zimmermann was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 6. Staffel of JG 3. He replaced Hauptmann Heinrich Sannemann who was transferred and led the Staffel until late April when Zimmermann took command.^[1] On 19 May, Zimmermann and his wingman had a mid-air collision. Both pilots bailed out and were unhurt, their Messerschmitt Bf 109 aircraft crashed southeast of Wittenberge.^[2]

In July, Zimmermann was transferred again and appointed Staffelkapitän of 9. Staffel of JG 3. He succeeded Leutnant Dieter Zink who had been shot down by anti-aircraft artillery and taken prisoner of war on 11 July.^[3] Zimmermann was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 29 October for 28 aerial victories claimed.^[4] On 18 December during the Battle of the Bulge, Zimmermann claimed his 29th aerial victory when he shot down a Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighter.^[5] On 1 January 1945 during Operation Bodenplatte, Zimmermann claimed a Hawker Tempest shot down.^[6]

Later life

Zimmermann died on 12 February 1976 at the age of 58 in Bad Hersfeld, West Germany.^[7]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to Obermaier, Zimmermann was credited with 34 victories in over 580 combat missions, 28 of which claimed on the Western Front including 14 heavy bombers.^[8] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and state that he was credited with at least 28 aerial victories, plus two further unconfirmed claims. Of this figure, he claimed six aerial victories on the Eastern Front and more than 22 over the Western Allies, including eleven four-engined heavy bombers.^[9]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 46264". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km²). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.^[10]

Chronicle of aerial victories
This along with the * (asterisk) indicates an Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from his combat box which was counted as an aerial victory.   This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[11] Eastern Front — 1 May 1942 – March 1943
1	4 August 1942	19:15	Il-2	PQ 46264[12] 30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Konaja	2	18 March 1943	08:28	MiG-3	PQ 35 Ost 53594[13] 15 km (9.3 mi) north-north-east of Dmitriyev-Lgovsky
– Stab III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[14] Eastern Front — July – August 1943
3	5 July 1943	11:00	MiG-3	PQ 35 Ost 63582[15] 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk	5	15 July 1943	15:50	P-39	PQ 35 Ost 54453[16] 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Bolkhov
4	6 July 1943	09:03	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 63592[15] 15 km (9.3 mi) south-southwest of Maloarkhangelsk	6	18 August 1943	14:34	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 26732[17] 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Moschna
– 11. Sturmstaffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[14] Defense of the Reich — February – 24 April 1944
7	8 April 1944	14:16	B-17	northwest of Braunschweig[18]	12	18 April 1944	14:32	B-17	northwest of Nauen[19]
8	11 April 1944	11:04	B-17	20 km (12 mi) west of Haldensleben[18]	13?[Note 1]	18 April 1944	—	B-17*[19]
9	11 April 1944	11:05	P-38	20 km (12 mi) west of Haldensleben[18]	14	19 April 1944	10:46	B-17	PQ 15 Ost S/LA[19] southeast of Göttingen
10	11 April 1944	13:15	B-17	20 km (12 mi) south of Rostock[18]	15	24 April 1944	13:35	B-17	PQ 04 Ost S/CE, northeast of Munich[19] south of Landshut
11	13 April 1944	14:00	B-17*	PQ 05 Ost S/ST-3[19]	16?[Note 1]	24 April 1944	—	B-17*[19]
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[14] Defense of the Reich — 29 April – 6 June 1944
17	29 April 1944	11:05	B-17	northwest of Magdeburg[20]	20	13 May 1944	14:30	P-51	PQ 15 Ost S/AF[21] Jördenstorf-Demmin
18	8 May 1944	10:17	B-24	southwest of Braunschweig[20]	21	19 May 1944	13:46	B-17	Dreis-Brück[21]
19	8 May 1944	10:40	B-24*	west of Braunschweig[20]	22	30 May 1944	11:45	P-51	Braunschweig[21]
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[14] Invasion of Normandy — 7 June – July 1944
23	12 June 1944	15:12	P-47	PQ 04 Ost N/AC-2[21] vicinity of Dreux	25	25 July 1944	11:25	P-51	PQ 04 Ost N/BD-9/BE-7[21] vicinity of Dourdan
24	24 July 1944	15:31	P-51	PQ 15 West UU-2/4[21] vicinity of Caen
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[14] Invasion of Normandy — August – 22 September 1944
26	14 August 1944	16:50	P-47	PQ 04 Ost N/CC-2/3[22] southeast of Chartres	28	22 August 1944	14:37	P-47	PQ 04 Ost N/AJ-3/6[22] south of Châlons-sur-Marne
27	18 August 1944	19:25	P-51	PQ 04 Ost N/TE-7/8[22] vicinity of Beauvais
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[14] Defense of the Reich and on the Western Front — 24 November 1944 – January 1945
29	18 December 1944	13:27	P-47	PQ 05 Ost OO-2[22] Lommersum	30	1 January 1945	—	Tempest[23]

Awards

• Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class^[24]
• German Cross in Gold (1 October 1944) as Leutnant in the 9./Jagdgeschwader 3^[25]
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 29 October 1944 as Leutnant and pilot in the 9./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet"^{[26][Note 2]}

Notes

1. According to Mathews and Foreman, this claim is unconfirmed.^[14]
2. According to Scherzer on 24 October 1944 as Staffelführer in the III./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet".^[27]

References

Citations

1. Prien, Stemmer & Bock 2018, p. 302.
2. Prien, Stemmer & Bock 2018, p. 311.
3. Prien, Stemmer & Bock 2018, pp. 337, 352.
4. Weal 2013, p. 86.
5. Weal 2013, p. 78.
6. Weal 2013, p. 81.
7. Dixon 2023, p. 171.
8. Obermaier 1989, p. 228.
9. Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1465–1466.
10. Planquadrat.
11. Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1465.
12. Prien et al. 2006, p. 331.
13. Prien et al. 2012, p. 61.
14. Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1466.
15. Prien et al. 2012, p. 63.
16. Prien et al. 2012, p. 65.
17. Prien et al. 2012, p. 69.
18. Prien, Stemmer & Bock 2018, p. 377.
19. Prien, Stemmer & Bock 2018, p. 378.
20. Prien, Stemmer & Bock 2018, p. 306.
21. Prien, Stemmer & Bock 2018, p. 307.
22. Prien, Stemmer & Bock 2018, p. 344.
23. Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 504.
24. Dixon 2023, pp. 170–171.
25. Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 531.
26. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 458.
27. Scherzer 2007, p. 807.

Bibliography

• Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
• Dixon, Jeremy (2023). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1943–1945. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-39903-073-1.
• Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
• Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 4 S–Z. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-21-9.
• Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
• Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
• Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard (1996). Messerschmitt BF 109 im Einsatz bei der III./Jagdgeschwader 3 in 1940 – 1945 [Messerschmidt Bf 109 in Action with the III./Jagdgeschwader 3 in 1940 – 1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-33-5.
• Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9.
• Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/II—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/II—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-05-5.
• Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Bock, Winfried (2018). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 13/IV—Einsatz im Reichsverteidigung und im Westen—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 13/IV—Action in the Defense of the Reich and in the West—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-19-2.
• Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
• Weal, John (2013). Aces of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet". Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 116. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78096-298-6.

External links

• World War 2 Awards.com