Moroteuthopsis ingens
Species of squid From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Moroteuthopsis ingens, the greater hooked squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It occurs worldwide in subantarctic oceans.
| Greater hooked squid | |
|---|---|
| |
| Mature female (384 mm (15.1 inches) ML, 1.875 kg (4.13 lb) weight) from the Chatham Rise | |
 | |
| ~400 mm ML | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Order: | Oegopsida |
| Family: | Onychoteuthidae |
| Genus: | Moroteuthopsis |
| Species: | M. ingens |
| Binomial name | |
| Moroteuthopsis ingens | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Taxonomy
Although M. ingens was long attributed to the genus Moroteuthis, Moroteuthis was considered a junior synonym of Onykia in 2010, and this species was lumped, though it was separated into its own subgenus; Moroteuthopsis.[3] After a 2018 study on mitochondrial DNA of Onychoteuthidae, the subgenus Moroteuthopsis was deemed distinct from the rest of Onykia; furthermore, this species formed a monophyletic clade with Kondakovia longimana. Thus, it was decided to elevate subgenus Moroteuthopsis into a full genus, and this species became its type species by seniority.[4]
Biology
Summarize
Perspective
Size and growth
The size of a fully grown M. ingens including the clubbed tentacles is currently unknown. Many estimates, however, predict that the mantle may reach lengths of up to 94 cm (37 in). Research has found that egg sizes of the squid average 2.1 mm inside mature females, while juveniles average 4.6 mm (0.18 in) or larger. Juveniles are presumed to live near the surface, until they reach a mantle length of approximately 200 mm (7.9 in), at which time they relocate to deeper water, and larger prey. M. ingens exhibit sexual dimorphism, with females growing linearly twice as fast as males, and reaching a fully mature weight of more than five times that of male counterparts.[5]
Penis elongation has been observed in this species; when erect, the penis may be as long as the mantle, head and arms combined.[6][7] As such, deep water squid like M. ingens have the greatest known penis length relative to body size of all mobile animals, second in the entire animal kingdom only to certain sessile barnacles.[6]
Left: A dissected male specimen of Onykia ingens, showing a non-erect penis (the white tubular structure located below most of the other organs)
Right: A specimen of the same species exhibiting elongation of the penis to 67 cm (26 in) in length
Right: A specimen of the same species exhibiting elongation of the penis to 67 cm (26 in) in length
Ecology
It is generally accepted that there are large dietary variations between large and small M. ingens. One of the most common findings is that juvenile squid (>200 mm ML) consume a greater percentage of s and s compared to their size than mature squid, which consume a large percentage of and virtually no crustaceans.[8] Myctophid lantern fish are seen as common prey, globally.[9] Larger squid are known to practice cannibalism (accounting for up to 6% of diet).[10]
M. ingens, as with many (if not all) large squid, has a number of predators. These include the patagonian toothfish, king penguin, wandering albatross, pilot whale, bottlenose whale, dwarf sperm whale, sperm whale, and other types of squid.[11] Other predators include Antarctic and Subantarctic fur seals.
Tentacular club of Moroteuthopsis ingens
Piece of ventral mantle skin
Gladius with cross-sections
References
External links
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