Hooked squid

The hooked squid, family Onychoteuthidae, currently comprise about 20–25 species (several known from only single life stages and thus unconfirmed), in six or seven genera. They range in mature mantle length from 7 cm (2.8 in) to a suggested length of 2 m (6 ft 7 in) for the largest member, Onykia robusta. The family is characterised by the presence of hooks only on the tentacular clubs, a simple, straight, funnel–mantle locking apparatus, and a 'step' inside the jaw angle of the lower beak. With the exception of the Arctic Ocean, the family is found worldwide.

Hooked squid Temporal range: Pliocene - recent[1] PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Onychoteuthis banksii
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Cephalopoda
Order:	Oegopsida
Family:	Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1849[2]
Type genus
Onychoteuthis Lichtenstein, 1818
Genera
Onychoteuthis Onykia Ancistroteuthis Kondakovia Notonykia Filippovia Callimachus
Synonyms
Walvisteuthidae Nesis & Nikitina, 1986

Species

Reaching a mantle length of 2 m, Onykia robusta is the largest onychoteuthid and one of the largest of all squid.

A nearly mature female of the undescribed species Onykia sp. A (27.2 cm ML), taken from the stomach of a swordfish

• Genus Onychoteuthis Lichtenstein, 1818
  • Onychoteuthis banksii (Leach, 1817) – common clubhook squid
  • Onychoteuthis bergii* Lichtenstein, 1818
  • Onychoteuthis mollis* Appelloef, 1891
  • Onychoteuthis compacta Berry, 1913
  • Onychoteuthis borealijaponica Okada, 1927 – boreal clubhook squid
  • Onychoteuthis meridiopacifica Rancurel & Okutani, 1990
  • Onychoteuthis lacrima Bolstad & Seki in Bolstad, 2008
  • Onychoteuthis prolata Bolstad, Vecchione & Young in Bolstad, 2008
  • Onychoteuthis horstkottei Bolstad, 2010
• Genus Onykia Lesueur, 1821 (includes most species previously placed in Moroteuthis)
  • Subgenus Onykia
    • Onykia carriboea Lesueur, 1821 – tropical clubhook squid
    • Onykia robusta (Verrill, 1876) – robust clubhook squid
    • Onykia loennbergii (Ishikawa & Wakiya, 1914) – Japanese hooked squid
    • Onykia aequatorialis* Thiele, 1920
    • Onykia robsoni (Adam, 1962) – rugose hooked squid
    • Onykia indica* Okutani, 1981
  • Subgenus Moroteuthopsis
    • Onykia ingens (Smith, 1881) – greater hooked squid
  • incertae sedis
    • ?Onykia appelloefi* Pfeffer, 1900
• Genus Ancistroteuthis Gray, 1849
  • Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii (Ferussac, 1835) – angel clubhook squid or angel squid
• Genus Kondakovia Filippova, 1972
  • Kondakovia longimana Filippova, 1972
  • Kondakovia nigmatullini Laptikhovsky, Arkhipkin & Bolstad, 2008
• Genus Notonykia Nesis, Roeleveld & Nikitina, 1998
  • Notonykia africanae Nesis, Roeleveld & Nikitina, 1998
  • Notonykia nesisi Bolstad, 2007
• Genus Filippovia Bolstad, 2010
  • Filippovia knipovitchi (Filippova, 1972) – smooth hooked squid
• Genus Walvisteuthis Nesis & Nikitina, 1986
  • Walvisteuthis jeremiahi Vecchione, Sosnowski & Young, 2015
  • Walvisteuthis rancureli (Okutani, 1981)
  • Walvisteuthis virilis Nesis & Nikitina, 1986
  • Walvisteuthis youngorum (Bolstad, 2010)

(*) indicates taxa requiring further taxonomic investigation

References

1. "Statoliths of Cenozoic teuthoid cephalopods from North America | The Palaeontological Association". www.palass.org. Retrieved 2023-10-09.
2. Philippe Bouchet (2018). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 13 March 2018.

• Bolstad, K.S.R. 2008. Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) Archived 2008-10-14 at the Wayback Machine. Doctoral thesis.
• Bolstad, K.S.R. 2010. Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Zootaxa 2696: 1–186. Preview

External links

• Tree of Life: Onychoteuthidae
• CephBase: Onychoteuthidae
• Onychoteuthidae discussion forum at TONMO.com
• Laptikhovsky, V.; Arkhipkin, A.; Bolstad, K.S. 2008. A second species of the squid genus Kondakovia (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) from the sub-Antarctic.